Table 1.

Using genome editing CRSPR-Cas to from last four years to increase the ability of major food crops to withstand climate adversity.

Plant Species	Target Genes	Gene Function	Phenotype	Mode of Application	References
Rice	OsPRPl	Proline-rich protein	Cold sensitive	Mutants exhibited sensitive phenotype after treatment at 6°C for 3 days.	Nawaz et al., 2019
	OsMYB30	Transcription factor	Cold tolerance, increased panicle length, enlarged grain size	Mutants exhibited tolerance phenotype after treatment at 4°C for 5-10 days.	Zeng et al., 2019
	OsAnn5	Annexin	Cold tolerance	Mutants exhibited tolerance phenotype after treatment at 4-6° C for 3 days.	Shen et al., 2020
	OsERA1	ABA signaling and the dehydration response	Enhanced response to drought stress through stomatal regulation	Mutants showed drought-tolerant phenotype under the 8-day watering-off treatment.	Ogata et al., 2020
	OsSRL1,2	Regulation of leaf rolling	Enhanced drought tolerance and ABA level	Mutants showed drought-tolerant phenotype under 30-day water-deficient treatment.	Liao et al., 2019
	OsNAC006	NAC transcription factor	Heat sensitive	Mutants exhibited sensitive phenotype after treatment at 42° C for 4 days.	Wang et al., 2020
	OsPUB67	U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase	Reduced drought tolerance	Mutants showed drought-sensitive phenotype after 10-day no water treatment at tillering stage.	Qin et al., 2020
	OsRR22	Involved in both cytokinin signal transduction and metabolism	Enhanced salinity tolerance	Mutants showed salinity-tolerant phenotype under concentrations of 0.75% NaCl solution treatment.	Zhang et al., 2019
	OsVDE	Key enzyme of xanthophyll cycle	Enhanced salinity tolerance, reduced water loss	Mutants showed salinity-tolerant phenotype at 100 mM NaCl application.	Wang et al., 2021
	OsDST	Drought and salt tolerance gene	Enhanced salinity tolerance, showed significantly broader leaf width and enhanced leaf area	Mutants showed salinity-tolerant phenotype at 200 mM NaCl application.	Santosh Kumar et al., 2020
	OsNAC041	NAC transcription factor	Reduced salinity tolerance, enhanced MDA content	Mutants showed salinity-sensitive phenotype at 150 mM NaCl application.	Bo et al., 2019
Tomato	SlIAA9	Transcriptional regulator for auxin response	Parthenocarpy	Mutants exhibited parthenocarpy phenotype.	Kashojiya et al., 2022
Tomato	SlCPK28	Protein kinase, Ca2+ sensing	Heat sensitive, accumulation of ROS	Mutants exhibited sensitive phenotype and higher H2O2 content after treatment at 45°C for 12 h.	Hu et al., 2021
	SlMAPK3	MAP kinase upregulating HSPs’/HSFs’ genes’ expression	Heat tolerance, reduction of ROS accumulation	Mutants exhibited tolerance phenotype and lower H2O2 and O2*— contents after treatment at 42°C for 1 day.	Yu et al., 2021
	SIBZR1	Transcription factor for brassinosteroid response	Heat tolerance	Mutants exhibited tolerance phenotype after treatment at 42°C/38°C (day/night) for 1 day.	Yu et al., 2019
	SlNPR1	A special receptor of salicylic acid	Reduced drought tolerance, increased stomatal aperture	Mutants showed drought-sensitive phenotype without watering for 6 consecutive days.	Li et al., 2019
	SlLBD40	Plant-specific transcription factors	Enhanced drought tolerance and reduced stomatal conductance	Mutants showed drought-tolerant phenotype under the 10-day watering cessation treatment.	Liu L et al., 2020
	SlARF4	Auxin response factors	Enhanced drought tolerance and stem thickness	Mutants showed drought-tolerant phenotype under the 12-day watering-off treatment.	Chen S et al., 2021
	SlHyPRP1	A subgroup of putative plant cell wall glycoproteins	Enhanced salinity tolerance and stem length	Mutants showed salinity-tolerant phenotype at 100 mM and150 mM NaCl application.	Tran et al., 2020
	SlARF4	Auxin response factor	Enhanced salinity tolerance, delayed flowering, increased height and leaf curling	Mutants showed salinity-tolerant phenotype at 250 mM NaCl application.	Tran et al., 2020
Arabidopsis	AtAITR family	ABA-induced transcription repressors	Enhanced drought and salt tolerance, reduced ABA sensitivity	Mutants showed drought-tolerant phenotype after 12-day watering off treatment and 2 days of rewatering.	Chen S et al., 2021
	AREB1	ABA-responsive element-binding protein	Enhanced drought tolerance and chlorophyll content	Mutants showed drought-tolerant phenotype under 20% humidity treatment or 20-day cessation of watering.
	AtAITR	ABA-induced transcription repressors	Enhanced salinity tolerance, reduced ABA sensitivity	Mutants showed salinity-tolerant phenotype at 150 mM NaCl application.
	ACQOS	A toll-interleukinl receptor-nucleotidebinding leucine-rich repeat class protein	Enhanced salinity tolerance and chlorophyll content	Mutants showed salinity-tolerant phenotype at 250 mM NaCl application.
Soybean	GmMYB118	MYB transcription factor family	Reduced drought and salinity tolerance	Mutants showed drought-sensitive phenotype after 14-day no water treatment.
	GmAITR	ABA-induced Transcription Repressors	Enhanced salinity tolerance, more sensitivity to ABA	Mutants showed salinity-tolerant phenotype at 200 mM NaCl	Wang et al., 2021
Wheat	TaHAG1	Histone acetyltransferase	Reduced salinity tolerance, more chlorotic leaves and higher Na+ content in the mutants	Mutants showed salinity-sensitive phenotype at 200 mM NaCl application.	Zheng et al., 2021
Potato	Coilin	A main structural protein controlling the formation, composition, and activity of subnuclear Cajal bodies	Enhanced salinity tolerance, slower yellowing and leaf fall	Mutants showed salinity-tolerant phenotype at 300 mM NaCl application.