Table 3.

Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals of each characteristic of EN by multivariate logistic regression.

Category	Variables		Life neglect	Social isolation	Medical neglect	Poor living situation	Family neglect	Social neglect
Demography	Sex	Male	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
		Female	0.84 (0.77, 0.92)	0.94 (0.87, 1.01)	0.99 (0.92, 1.07)	0.70 (0.66, 0.75)	0.79 (0.70, 0.89)	1.05 (0.97, 1.13)
	Marital status	With spouse	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
		Without spouse	0.94 (0.85, 1.04)	1.02 (0.93, 1.11)	1.46 (1.34, 1.59)	1.05 (0.97, 1.14)	3.21 (2.72, 3.77)	0.96 (0.88, 1.05)
	Education year	0 year	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
		1–6 years	0.90 (0.75, 1.06)	1.44 (1.25, 1.67)	0.56 (0.49, 0.65)	0.92 (0.81, 1.05)	1.64 (1.28, 2.10)	0.89 (0.78, 1.03)
		7–12 years	0.71 (0.58, 0.88)	1.17 (0.98, 1.40)	0.69 (0.58, 0.82)	0.88 (0.75, 1.03)	1.47 (1.07, 2.03)	0.81 (0.69, 0.96)
		≥13 years	0.81 (0.60, 1.09)	1.12 (0.88, 1.43)	0.73 (0.58, 0.92)	0.87 (0.70, 1.08)	1.90 (1.27, 2.84)	0.67 (0.54, 0.83)
	Household income	¥0–¥8,000	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
		¥8,000–¥30,000	0.91 (0.81, 1.01)	1.02 (0.93, 1.13)	1.14 (1.04, 1.25)	0.69 (0.63, 0.75)	0.56 (0.48, 0.65)	0.90 (0.81, 0.99)
		≥¥30,000	0.79 (0.71, 0.87)	1.00 (0.92, 1.10)	1.05 (0.97, 1.15)	0.59 (0.55, 0.64)	0.51 (0.44, 0.58)	0.77 (0.71, 0.84)
	Manual work	No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
		Yes	1.39 (1.21, 1.60)	0.99 (0.88, 1.12)	1.04 (0.93,1.16)	1.30 (1.17, 1.45)	0.97 (0.80, 1.17)	0.97 (0.87, 1.08)
	Age	60–74 years	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
		75–84 years	0.92 (0.82, 1.04)	1.05 (0.94, 1.17)	1.51 (0.94, 1.17)	1.02 (0.93, 1.12)	1.02 (0.84, 1.24)	1.04 (0.94, 1.15)
		≥85 years	0.87 (0.76, 1.00)	1.17 (1.04, 1.33)	1.22 (1.01, 1.34)	0.95 (0.85, 1.06)	0.77 (0.62, 0.96)	0.94 (0.83, 1.06)
	Residence	City	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
		Town or country	1.77 (1.57, 2.00)	0.84 (0.76, 0.93)	1.61 (1.47, 1.77)	1.56 (1.43, 1.71)	0.88 (0.75, 1.03)	1.50 (1.37, 1.64)
Chronic disease	Hypertension		0.87 (0.80, 0.96)	1.02 (0.94, 1.10)	1.28 (1.19, 1.38)	1.10 (1.02, 1.17)	1.04 (0.92, 1.17)	0.98 (0.91, 1.05)
	Hypertension		1.09 (0.94, 1.27)	0.94 (0.83, 1.07)	1.25 (1.10, 1.42)	1.16 (1.04, 1.31)	0.97 (0.78, 1.21)	0.95 (0.84, 1.07)
	Diabetes		1.20 (1.07, 1.35)	0.94 (0.85, 1.05)	1.14 (1.03, 1.26)	0.99 (0.90, 1.09)	1.05 (0.90, 1.23)	1.02 (0.93, 1.13)
	Heart disease		1.12 (0.97, 1.29)	1.03 (0.91, 1.16)	1.05 (0.93, 1.17)	1.20 (1.07, 1.33)	1.24 (1.04, 1.48)	0.99 (0.88, 1.11)
	Cerebrovascular disease		1.49 (1.30, 1.71)	0.97 (0.86, 1.09)	1.03 (0.92, 1.16)	1.20 (1.07, 1.33)	0.98 (0.81, 1.18)	0.99 (0.88, 1.11)
	Lung disease		1.36 (0.95, 1.94)	1.44 (1.06, 1.96)	0.91 (0.68, 1.22)	1.21 (0.91, 1.60)	0.99 (0.59, 1.68)	1.13 (0.83, 1.52)
	Cancer		0.99 (0.99, 1.00)	0.98 (0.98, 0.99)	0.99 (0.99, 1.00)	1.01 (1.01, 1.01)	0.99 (0.99, 1.00)	1.00 (1.00, 1.01)
Cognitive function	MMSE score		0.77 (0.72, 0.82)	0.87 (0.82, 0.92)	1.08 (1.03, 1.14)	1.02 (0.97, 1.07)	0.76 (0.70, 0.82)	1.21 (1.14, 1.27)
Physical function	ADL score		1.62 (1.59, 1.65)	1.29 (1.27, 1.31)	0.89 (0.87, 0.90)	1.02 (1.01, 1.04)	1.04 (1.01, 1.07)	1.04 (1.02, 1.06)
IADL score		0.87 (0.80, 0.96)	1.02 (0.94, 1.10)	1.28 (1.19, 1.38)	1.10 (1.02, 1.17)	1.04 (0.92, 1.17)	0.98 (0.91, 1.05)