Table 5.

Propensity score matching estimation of the effects of living without parents at the ages of 0–6/7–12/13–15/16–18 on individual physical and mental health in adulthood, China, 2018.

Method		Nearest neighbor	Radius	Kernel	Local linear regression
0–6 years	Physical health (ATT)	−0.215***	−0.201***	−0.192***	−0.203***
		(−3.92)	(−4.04)	(−3.89)	(−3.19)
	Mental health (ATT)	0.264***	0.276***	0.277***	0.278***
		(4.25)	(4.79)	(4.84)	(3.97)
7–12 years	Physical health (ATT)	−0.145***	−0.151***	−0.142***	−0.152***
		(−2.75)	(−3.15)	(−2.99)	(−2.46)
	Mental health (ATT)	0.259***	0.234***	0.233***	0.234***
		(4.56)	(4.41)	(4.42)	(3.59)
13–15 years	Physical health (ATT)	−0.132***	−0.112***	−0.110***	−0.118**
		(−2.89)	(−2.70)	(−2.67)	(−2.18)
	Mental health (ATT)	0.174***	0.164***	0.163***	0.170***
		(3.56)	(3.59)	(3.61)	(3.06)
16–18 years	Physical health (ATT)	−0.132***	−0.112***	−0.110***	−0.118**
		(−2.89)	(−2.70)	(−2.67)	(−2.18)
	Mental health (ATT)	0.174***	0.164***	0.163***	0.170***
		(3.56)	(3.59)	(3.61)	(3.06)

ATT means the average treatment effect on treatment. T-statistics are reported in parentheses. The element number of the nearest-neighbor matching with a caliper was 4, the radius was set to 0.01 in radius matching, and kernel matching and local-linear matching used default kernels and bandwidth.

^***p < 0.01,

^**p < 0.05.