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. 2023 Mar 13;14:1135086. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135086

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The emerging roles of NETs in the modulation of anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy. NETs can promote CD4+ and CD8+ T cells exhaustion and dysfunction; NET-mediated physical barrier decreases the contact of immune cytotoxic cells (CD8+ T cell, NK cell and CAR-T cell) with tumor cells; NETs promote the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Tregs, which further contribute to tumor initiation and progression; NETs promote macrophage M0, NK cell resting. Degradation of NETs by DNase I can enhance the efficiency of tumor immunotherapy; NET/DC vaccine may be used for leukemia treatment.