Table 1.
Stimuli that induce NET formation.
| Stimuli | References |
|---|---|
| LPS | (5) |
| PMA | (5) |
| HMGB1 | (21) |
| G-CSF | (22) |
| CXCLs | (23) |
| Cathepsin C | (24) |
| Amyloid β | (18) |
| TIMP1 | (16) |
| CXCL8/IL-8 | (5) |
| [IFN]-α/IFN-γ/C5a | (25) |
| GM-CSF/C5a | (25, 26) |
| IL-1β | (27) |
| IL-17 | (20) |
| IL-18 | (29) |
| IL-33 | (28) |
| Immune complexes | (30) |
| Pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) | (31, 32) |
| Autoantibodies | (33) |
| Activated platelets | (34) |
| Bacteria | (35, 36) |
| Viruses | (37) |
| Fungi | (38) |
| Calcium ionophores | (38) |
| Cigarette smoke | (39) |
| Free fatty acids | (40) |
| Bleomyci | (41) |