Table 8.
Heterogeneous analysis.
| Variables | Pension | Bandwidth | Covariates | Province fixed effects | County fixed effects | Observation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | −0.245* (0.142) | 6.488 | Yes | Yes | Yes | 1,102; 1,067 |
| Female | −0.368* (0.205) | 6.280 | Yes | Yes | Yes | 1,055; 1,028 |
| Education | ||||||
| Junior high school and below | −0.286** (0.136) | 5.863 | Yes | Yes | Yes | 1,754; 1,957 |
| Senior high school and above | −1.827 (2.256) | 3.716 | Yes | Yes | Yes | 149; 41 |
| Work status | ||||||
| Jobs | −0.436** (0.206) | 4.236 | Yes | Yes | Yes | 1,306; 1,291 |
| No jobs | 0.045 (0.609) | 4.688 | Yes | Yes | Yes | 300; 199 |
| Household incomes per capita | ||||||
| Low-income | −0.326* (0.174) | 6.347 | Yes | Yes | Yes | 712; 787 |
| Middle-income | −0.403 (0.720) | 3.368 | Yes | Yes | Yes | 458; 410 |
| High-income | −0.345 (0.274) | 5.574 | Yes | Yes | Yes | 634; 556 |
The default bandwidths of minimum mean square error are used in the table. Covariates include gender, education, self-rated health, work status, and household incomes per capita. Robust standard errors are clustered at the household level and are shown in parentheses. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05.
Source: CFPS2014 and Stata 16.0.