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. 2023 Mar 13;15:1137584. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1137584

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Copyright © 2023 Ma, Zhao, Ou, Zhang, Li and Tan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Meta-analysis of associations between thyroid disease and cognitive outcomes in the longitudinal study. Hype would increase the risks of dementia, whereas would not affect the risk of AD, or VaD. Besides, Hypo was no associated with dementia, VaD, and cognitive impairment, but was found to reduce the risk of AD. Furthermore, SHype would advance the risk of dementia, but SHypo was found to reduce the risk of dementia. RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; AD, Alzheimer's disease; VaD, vascular dementia; Hype, hyperthyroidism; Hypo, hypothyroidism; SHype, subclinical hyperthyroidism; SHypo, subclinical hypothyroidism.