Table 3.
Comparison of DQ scores in each group (grouped by sex, maternal education level, paternal education level, caregivers and household income). Maternal and paternal education levels were defined as higher (junior college or above) or lower (senior high school or below).
| N (%) | Locomotor-DQ, M (SD) | Personal social-DQ, M (SD) | Hearing and speech-DQ, M (SD) | Eye–hand coordination-DQ, M (SD) | Performance-DQ, M (SD) | Practical reasoning-DQ, M (SD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Boys | 291 (76.18) | 68.81 (15.78) | 50.53 (17.00) | 38.93 (19.44) | 55.19 (18.76) | 59.03 (20.99) | 71.19 (19.00) |
| Girls | 91 (23.82) | 68.22 (17.09) | 49.55 (17.97) | 39.43 (19.20) | 56.91 (17.60) | 60.70 (20.00) | 66.56 (33.05) | |
| t | 0.304 | 0.471 | −0.215 | −0.772 | −0.67 | 0.561 | ||
| p | 0.762 | 0.638 | 0.83 | 0.441 | 0.503 | 0.578 | ||
| Maternal education level | Lower | 206 (53.93) | 67.42 (16/87) | 48.49 (17.42) | 34.97 (17.65) | 53.73 (17.78) | 56.44 (20.50) | 71 (25.70) |
| Higher | 176 (46.07) | 70.09 (15.13) | 52.28 (16.95) | 43.70 (20.36) | 57.56 (19.16) | 62.69 (20.71) | 69.97 (20.69) | |
| t | −1.584 | −2.102 | −4.395 | −1.98 | −2.897 | 0.144 | ||
| p | 0.114 | 0.036* | <0.001*** | 0.049* | 0.004** | 0.886 | ||
| Paternal education Level | Lower | 229 (59.95) | 66.92 (16.83) | 47.64 (17.08) | 35.12 (17.01) | 53.16 (18.21) | 56.28 (20.74) | 67.33 (24.84) |
| Higher | 153 (40.05) | 71.16 (14.68) | 54.21 (16.83) | 45.01 (21.30) | 58.99 (18.39) | 63.96 (20.03) | 71.71 (20.86) | |
| t | −2.48 | −3.626 | −4.927 | −2.989 | −3.518 | −0.627 | ||
| p | 0.014* | <0.001*** | <0.001*** | 0.003** | <0.001*** | 0.534 | ||
| Caregivers | Parents | 253 (66.23) | 68.26 (16.57) | 50.73 (17.22) | 38.87 (19.10) | 55.69 (18.87) | 60.25 (21.09) | 68.24 (22.39) |
| Grandparents | 129 (33.77) | 69.70 (15.53) | 49.61 (17.67) | 39.73 (20.53) | 55.31 (18.03) | 58.57 (20.24) | 76.08 (20.87) | |
| t | −0.778 | 0.571 | −0.388 | 0.181 | 0.711 | −1.062 | ||
| p | 0.437 | 0.568 | 0.698 | 0.857 | 0.477 | 0.294 | ||
| Household income (per year, 10,000 yuan) |
<5 | 99 (25.92) | 64.91 (16.99) | 47.89 (18.41) | 35.54 (20.31) | 53.39 (17.49) | 57.16 (20.63) | 71.56 (31.66) |
| ≥5 | 283 (74.08) | 70.04 (15.04) | 50.88 (16.49) | 39.81 (18.72) | 55.62 (18.42) | 59.71 (20.84) | 71.81 (18.33) | |
| t | −2.691 | −1.437 | −1.824 | −1.012 | −1.008 | −0.03 | ||
| p | 0.008** | 0.152 | 0.069 | 0.312 | 0.314 | 0.976 | ||
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.