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. 2023 Mar 13;14:1126622. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1126622

Table 4.

Multiple linear regression model of DQ scores in children with ASD.

Screen time Vitamin D Age CARS score ADOS-2 severity score CPCIS score Maternal education level Paternal education level Household income
Locomotor-DQ β 0.07 0.180 −0.283 −0.347 −0.043 0.041 −0.049 0.106 0.093
t 0.116 3.087 −4.678 −5.144 −0.685 0.671 −0.594 1.282 1.617
p 0.908 0.002** <0.001*** <0.001*** 0.494 0.503 0.553 0.201 0.107
95%CI −0.015, 0.017 0.08, 0.363 −0.637, −0.260 −1.816, −0.810 −1.787, 0.865 0.138, 0.280 −6.613, 3.549 −1.843, 8.704 −0.674, 6.855
Personal social-DQ β −0.078 0.108 −0.070 −0.503 −0.109 0.198 −0.040 0.079 0.009
t −1.530 2.133 −1.331 −8.617 −1.991 3.711 −0.568 1.095 0.189
p 0.127 0.034* 0.184 <0.001*** 0.048* <0.001*** 0.570 0.275 0.850
95%CI −0.029, 0.004 0.012, 0.303 −0.325, 0.063 −2.776, −1.743 −2.739, −0.15 0.19, 0.619 −6.727, 3.714 −2.408, 8.428 −3.497, 4.238
Hearing and speech-DQ β −0.072 0.130 0.030 −0.469 0.062 0.133 0.088 0.052 0.008
t −1.310 2.381 0.526 −7.433 1.056 2.311 1.143 0.668 0.156
p 0.191 0.018* 0.600 <0.001*** 0.292 0.022* 0.254 0.505 0.876
95%CI −0.033, 0.007 0.036, 0.386 −0.171, 0.295 −2.962, −1.721 −0.759, 2.514 0.045, 0.560 −2.633, 9.909 −4.303, 8.714 −4.278, 5.014
Eye–hand coordination-DQ β −0.041 0.163 −0.065 −0.471 −1.111 0.060 −0.058 0.132 −0.031
t −0.734 2.982 −1.146 −7.430 −1.871 1.029 −0.755 1.700 −0.569
p 0.463 0.003** 0.253 <0.001*** 0.063 0.305 0.451 0.090 0.570
95%CI −0.025, 0.011 0.081, 0.399 −0.335, 0.089 −2.691, −1.563 −2.900 −0.112, 0.356 −7.881, 3.516 −0.811, 11.017 −5.441, 3.002
Performance-DQ β 0.049 0.073 −0.140 −0.342 −0.133 0.193 0.022 0.089 −0.047
t 0.840 1.266 −2.344 −5.142 −2.138 3.171 0.265 1.086 −0.836
p 0.402 0.207 0.020* <0.001*** 0.034* 0.002** 0.791 0.278 0.404
95%CI −0.012, 0.031 −0.068, 0.311 −0.554, −0.048 −2.430, −1.084 −3.702, −0.151 0.017, 0.730 −5.886, 7.719 −3.166, 10.953 −7.179, 2.901
Practical reasoning-DQ β 0.206 0.801 0.008 −0.097 −0.267 0.394 −0.310 0.459 −0.050
t 1.466 5.508 0.058 −0.722 −1.824 2.517 −1.569 2.225 −0.378
p 0.156 <0.001*** 0.955 0.477 0.081 0.019* 0.130 0.036* 0.709
95%CI −0.032, 0.190 0.881, 1.937 −0.704, 0.744 −2.086, 1.004 −9.134, 0.563 0.169, 1.705 −33.014, 4.499 1.454, 38.820 −15.459, 10.676

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.