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. 2023 Mar 13;11:1011439. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1011439

Table 1.

Characteristics of participants based on their wealth quintiles.

Wealth quintiles
1 (poorest) 2 3 4 5 (richest)
(N = 1,046) (N = 1,001) (N = 991) (N = 1,007) (N = 1,014)
N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%)
Gender
Female 544 (52.0%) 546 (54.5%) 541 (54.6%) 550 (54.6%) 533 (52.6%)
Male 502 (48.0%) 455 (45.5%) 450 (45.4%) 457 (45.4%) 481 (47.4%)
Age group
40–49 181 (17.3%) 188 (18.8%) 185 (18.7%) 170 (16.9%) 194 (19.1%)
50–59 298 (28.5%) 265 (26.5%) 256 (25.8%) 285 (28.3%) 306 (30.2%)
60–69 249 (23.8%) 229 (22.9%) 251 (25.3%) 285 (28.3%) 290 (28.6%)
70–79 180 (17.2%) 187 (18.7%) 187 (18.9%) 165 (16.4%) 159 (15.7%)
80+ 138 (13.2%) 132 (13.2%) 112 (11.3%) 102 (10.1%) 65 (6.4%)
Marital status
Not married 639 (61.1%) 566 (56.5%) 484 (48.8%) 448 (44.6%) 343 (33.8%)
Married 406 (38.9%) 435 (43.5%) 507 (51.2%) 556 (55.4%) 671 (66.2%)
Employment status
Unemployed 920 (88.1%) 866 (86.9%) 839 (84.7%) 840 (83.7%) 775 (76.7%)
Employed 124 (11.9%) 130 (13.1%) 151 (15.3%) 164 (16.3%) 236 (23.3%)
Education level
No education 690 (66.1%) 554 (55.6%) 445 (45.0%) 383 (38.3%) 234 (23.1%)
Some education 354 (33.9%) 442 (44.4%) 544 (55.0%) 618 (61.7%) 778 (76.9%)
Childhood health
Bad 144 (13.8%) 118 (11.8%) 115 (11.6%) 116 (11.5%) 128 (12.6%)
Good 902 (86.2%) 883 (88.2%) 875 (88.4%) 889 (88.5%) 885 (87.4%)
History of hypertension
No 478 (47.0%) 428 (43.6%) 426 (44.2%) 355 (36.1%) 365 (36.9%)
Yes 539 (53.0%) 554 (56.4%) 538 (55.8%) 628 (63.9%) 625 (63.1%)
History of diabetes
No 898 (93.3%) 838 (90.9%) 809 (88.8%) 806 (87.7%) 802 (85.9%)
Yes 64 (6.7%) 84 (9.1%) 102 (11.2%) 113 (12.3%) 132 (14.1%)
Obesity
Underweight 87 (9.1%) 71 (7.7%) 46 (5.0%) 24 (2.6%) 30 (3.1%)
Normal 433 (45.1%) 384 (41.6%) 346 (37.9%) 320 (34.3%) 236 (24.6%)
Overweight 256 (26.7%) 253 (27.4%) 246 (26.9%) 277 (29.7%) 296 (30.9%)
Obese 184 (19.2%) 216 (23.4%) 275 (30.1%) 313 (33.5%) 396 (41.3%)
Disability
No disability 938 (89.8%) 886 (88.6%) 886 (89.4%) 928 (92.2%) 952 (94.1%)
With disability 107 (10.2%) 114 (11.4%) 105 (10.6%) 78 (7.8%) 60 (5.9%)
Activity
Inactive 313 (30.0%) 315 (31.5%) 322 (32.6%) 356 (35.4%) 322 (31.8%)
Active 731 (70.0%) 685 (68.5%) 667 (67.4%) 650 (64.6%) 692 (68.2%)
Currently consume alcohol
No 695 (66.6%) 741 (74.1%) 775 (78.2%) 811 (80.5%) 865 (85.3%)
Yes 349 (33.4%) 259 (25.9%) 216 (21.8%) 196 (19.5%) 149 (14.7%)
Currently smoke tobacco
No 906 (86.8%) 899 (89.9%) 899 (90.9%) 926 (92.0%) 964 (95.1%)
Yes 138 (13.2%) 101 (10.1%) 90 (9.1%) 81 (8.0%) 50 (4.9%)
Social network contact per week
No contact 111 (11.5%) 95 (10.1%) 108 (11.5%) 108 (11.2%) 87 (8.8%)
One or two 606 (62.7%) 582 (61.9%) 544 (57.9%) 578 (59.8%) 598 (60.7%)
Three + 250 (25.9%) 263 (28.0%) 287 (30.6%) 281 (29.1%) 300 (30.5%)
People willing to help
Unwilling to help 36 (3.6%) 41 (4.2%) 28 (2.9%) 35 (3.6%) 21 (2.1%)
Willing to help 975 (96.4%) 935 (95.8%) 940 (97.1%) 949 (96.4%) 977 (97.9%)
Trust in community
No trust 63 (6.2%) 74 (7.6%) 45 (4.7%) 64 (6.5%) 50 (5.0%)
Have trust 949 (93.8%) 901 (92.4%) 922 (95.3%) 919 (93.5%) 948 (95.0%)
Community safety
Did not feel safe 34 (3.4%) 52 (5.3%) 51 (5.3%) 43 (4.4%) 34 (3.4%)
Felt safe 977 (96.6%) 923 (94.7%) 917 (94.7%) 942 (95.6%) 964 (96.6%)

The total number of observations for each variable does not add to the total sample in each column due to the missing value.