Table 1.
Demographics at enrollment among age-entitled beneficiaries stratified by inferred gender in a national Medicare population, 2008-2017.
| TOTAL | TRANSGENDER | CISGENDER | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=2,971,611 | N=9,975 | N=2,961,636 | |||||||||||||||
| Transgender N=9,975 | Cisgender N=2,961,636 | TFN N=4,198 | TMN N=2,762 | Unclassified N=3,015 | Male N=1,294,690 | Female N=1,666,946 | |||||||||||
| Age at Enrollment (y) | N | % | N | % | P-Value | N | % | N | % | N | % | P-value | N | % | N | $ | P-Value |
| 65-<70 | 6,003 | 60.2 | 1,604,745 | 54.2 | <0.0001 | 2,643 | 63.0 | 1,583 | 57.3 | 1,777 | 58.9 | <0.0001 | 730,794 | 56.4 | 873,951 | 52.4 | <0.0001 |
| 70-74 | 1,565 | 15.7 | 464,378 | 15.7 | 684 | 16.3 | 502 | 18.2 | 379 | 12.6 | 215,803 | 16.7 | 248,575 | 14.9 | |||
| 75-79 | 1,132 | 11.3 | 362,645 | 12.2 | 481 | 11.5 | 333 | 12.1 | 318 | 10.5 | 157,583 | 12.2 | 205,062 | 12.3 | |||
| 80-84 | 791 | 7.9 | 277,783 | 9.4 | 276 | 6.6 | 233 | 8.4 | 282 | 9.4 | 109,575 | 8.5 | 168,208 | 10.1 | |||
| >= 85 | 484 | 4.9 | 252,085 | 8.5 | 114 | 2.7 | 111 | 4.0 | 259 | 8.6 | 80,935 | 6.3 | 171,150 | 10.3 | |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||||||||||
| Asian | 237 | 2.4 | 92,031 | 3.1 | <0.0001 | 95 | 2.3 | 63 | 2.3 | 79 | 2.6 | 0.001 | 40,329 | 3.1 | 51,702 | 3.1 | <0.0001 |
| Black | 655 | 6.6 | 239,491 | 8.1 | 234 | 5.6 | 197 | 7.1 | 224 | 7.4 | 95,361 | 7.4 | 144,130 | 8.6 | |||
| Hispanic | 537 | 5.4 | 222,517 | 7.5 | 231 | 5.5 | 136 | 4.9 | 170 | 5.6 | 96,718 | 7.5 | 125,799 | 7.5 | |||
| White | 8,303 | 83.2 | 2,340,841 | 79.0 | 3,524 | 83.9 | 2,322 | 84.1 | 2,457 | 81.5 | 1,026,070 | 79.3 | 1,314,771 | 78.9 | |||
| Another race/ ethnicity | 105 | 1.1 | 32,060 | 1.1 | 43 | 1.0 | 21 | 0.8 | 41 | 1.4 | 14,364 | 1.1 | 17,696 | 1.1 | |||
| Unknown | 138 | 1.4 | 34,696 | 1.2 | 71 | 1.7 | 23 | 0.8 | 44 | 1.5 | 21,848 | 1.7 | 12,848 | 0.8 | |||
| Census Region | |||||||||||||||||
| Northeast | 2,264 | 22.7 | 557,113 | 18.8 | <0.0001 | 947 | 22.6 | 628 | 22.7 | 689 | 22.9 | <0.0001 | 237,772 | 18.4 | 319,341 | 19.2 | <0.0001 |
| Midwest | 1,962 | 19.7 | 669,506 | 22.6 | 788 | 18.8 | 521 | 18.9 | 653 | 21.7 | 292,635 | 22.6 | 376,871 | 22.6 | |||
| South | 3,252 | 32.6 | 1,071,084 | 36.2 | 1,388 | 33.1 | 997 | 36.1 | 867 | 28.8 | 467,104 | 36.1 | 603,980 | 36.2 | |||
| West | 2,468 | 24.7 | 628,446 | 21.2 | 1,060 | 25.3 | 611 | 22.1 | 797 | 26.4 | 281,716 | 21.8 | 346,730 | 20.8 | |||
| Unknown | --- | --- | 35,487 | 1.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 15,463 | 1.2 | 20,024 | 1.2 | |||
| Months of Coverage | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P-Value | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P-value | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P-Value |
| Mean months of FFS Coverage | 76.49 | 41.65 | 50.74 | 44.94 | <0.0001 | 79.99 | 39.47 | 88.32 | 37.08 | 60.76 | 43.79 | <0.0001 | 49.34 | 44.03 | 51.82 | 45.61 | <0.0001 |
| Mean months of FFS + Part D Coverage | 50.04 | 41.64 | 32.47 | 38.06 | <0.0001 | 50.36 | 40.19 | 59.53 | 42.28 | 40.92 | 41.06 | <0.001 | 29.16 | 35.78 | 35.03 | 39.54 | <0.0001 |
This Medicare sample was restricted to those age 65 and older who qualified for Medicare based on age. TFN, Trans Feminine and Nonbinary; TMN, Trans Masculine and Nonbinary. FFS, Fee for service. For categorical variables, the p-value is based on chi-square tests (X2). For continuous variables, the p-value is based on t-tests. For the transgender sample, chi-square and t-test compared differences between TFN and TMN people only. Per Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) guidelines, the number of TFN, TMN, and unclassified transgender individuals from an unknown census region are not reported as the cell sizes for one or more groups are less than 11.