Table 2.
Changes in central vascular endothelial function and executive function within conditions.
| Variable | Intervention [expressed as mean difference (standard error)] Δ |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SIT |
LIT |
MIT |
|||||||
| T0 − T2 | T2 − T4 | T0 − T4 | T0 − T2 | T2 − T4 | T0 − T4 | T0 − T2 | T2 − T4 | T0 − T4 | |
| Central vascular function | |||||||||
| Carotid artery diameter (cm) | 0.03 (0.03) | −0.00 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.00 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.03) | −0.02 (0.03) | 0.00 (0.03) | −0.01 (0.03) |
| Carotid artery velocity (cm/s) | −3.22 (5.64) | −1.63 (5.73) | −4.85 (5.73) | −2.84 (5.64) | −7.32 (5.73) | −5.54 (5.56) | 8.71 (5.64) | 1.65 (5.64) | 10.35 (5.64) |
| Carotid artery shear rate (/s) | −134.50 (112.90) | −1.32 (114.65) | −135.82 (114.65) | −66.73 (112.90) | −41.20 (111.32) | −107.93 (111.32) | 159.48 (112.90) | 14.91 (112.90) | 174.39 (112.90) |
| Carotid artery blood flow (ml/min) | 169.24 (204.86) | −48.45 (208.04) | 120.79 (208.04) | 43.25 (204.86) | −21.38 (202.00) | 21.88 (202.00) | 25.55 (204.86) | 36.76 (204.86) | 62.31 (204.86) |
| SFA diameter (cm) | 0.00 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.04) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.04) | −0.06 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.04) | −0.09 (0.04) |
| SFA velocity (cm/s) | 33.29 (17.85) | −1.86 (18.12) | 31.44 (18.12) | −2.02 (17.85) | −0.14 (17.60) | −2.16 (17.85) | 2.95 (17.85) | −0.86 (17.85) | 2.09 (17.85) |
| SFA shear rate (/s) | 382.66 (209.78) | −36.34 (213.04) | 397.01 (206.85) | −52.94 (209.74) | −10.75 (206.85) | −63.68 (206.85) | 112.84 (209.78) | 10.57 (209.78) | 123.41 (209.78) |
| SFA blood flow (ml/min) | 725.12 (442.90) | 5.84 (449.77) | 730.95 (449.77) | 66.38 (442.90) | 32.53 (436.71) | 98.91 (436.71) | −223.09 (442.90) | −142.22 (442.90) | −365.32 (442.90) |
| Executive function | |||||||||
| Reaction time (ms) | 111.14 (45.66)∗∗ | −30.70 (46.37) | 80.44 (46.37)∗ | 28.11 (45.66) | 22.89 (45.02) | 50.99 (45.02)∗ | 29.83 (45.66) | 24.31 (45.66) | 54.14 (45.66)∗ |
| Accuracy (%) | 7.37 (4.97)∗ | 4.39 (5.05) | 11.77 (5.05)∗ | 5.42 (4.97) | 3.14 (4.90) | 8.57 (4.90)∗ | 0.25 (4.97) | −2.93 (4.97)∗ | −2.67 (4.97) |
Abbreviations: LIT = sitting interrupted by light intensity activity, MIT = sitting interrupted by moderate intensity activity, SIT = uninterrupted sitting, T0 − T2 = difference in variables between baseline and the 2nd hour, T2 − T4 = difference in variables between the 2nd hour and 4th hour, T0 − T4 = difference in variables between baseline and the 4th hour, ‘−’ indicates the decrease with respect to earlier measurements, ‘+’ indicates the increase with respect to earlier measurements, Δ = mean change in the values calculated from analysis of variance, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01.