Table 2.
Within-group and between-group statistical differences for dependent variables and effect sizes
| Intervention Group (N = 65) |
Control Group (N = 29) |
Between-group difference: intervention effect |
||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre |
Post |
Within-group difference |
Pre |
Post |
Within-group difference |
|||||||||||||||
| N | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p value (1) | Sig | Cohen’s d (2) | N | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p value (1) | Sig | Cohen’s d (2) | Estimate | SE | p value (3) | Sig | |
| Environmental attitudes | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Environmental attitudes: Environmental concern | 128 | 17.17 | 2.28 | 16.89 | 2.71 | 0.2963 | −0.11 | 76 | 16.13 | 2.73 | 15.39 | 2.76 | 0.0616 | ∗ | −0.27 | 0.4670 | 0.4436 | 0.2950 | ||
| Environmental attitudes: Climate anxiety | 130 | 3.82 | 1.06 | 3.37 | 1.10 | 0.0018 | ∗∗∗ | −0.41 | 76 | 3.55 | 1.29 | 3.34 | 1.05 | 0.1860 | −0.18 | −0.2356 | 0.2154 | 0.2766 | ||
| Environmental attitudes: Beliefs about fighting climate change |
127 | 12.08 | 2.22 | 11.89 | 2.15 | 0.3213 | −0.10 | 58 | 11.14 | 2.07 | 11.00 | 2.02 | 0.6408 | −0.07 | −0.0717 | 0.3661 | 0.8451 | |||
| Environmental attitudes: Environmental self-identity | 130 | 4.25 | 0.69 | 4.32 | 0.71 | 0.2545 | 0.11 | 58 | 4.34 | 0.67 | 4.17 | 0.60 | 0.0961 | ∗ | −0.27 | 0.2493 | 0.1204 | 0.0412 | ∗∗ | |
| Environmental attitudes: Willingness to pay, personal | 129 | 4.00 | 0.87 | 4.08 | 0.62 | 0.4392 | 0.10 | 58 | 3.79 | 0.62 | 3.76 | 0.69 | 0.7869 | −0.05 | 0.1126 | 0.1718 | 0.5137 | |||
| Environmental attitudes: Willingness to pay, societal | 130 | 4.60 | 0.49 | 4.45 | 0.88 | 0.1327 | −0.20 | 58 | 4.38 | 0.78 | 4.14 | 1.06 | 0.1474 | −0.25 | 0.0875 | 0.1859 | 0.6389 | |||
| Environmental behavior | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Environmental behavior: Sum | 124 | 55.00 | 11.21 | 56.68 | 10.81 | 0.0486 | ∗∗ | 0.15 | 58 | 45.72 | 10.19 | 46.76 | 9.56 | 0.2620 | 0.10 | 0.6604 | 13,584 | 0.6281 | ||
| Environmental behavior: Adapt | 129 | 2.62 | 1.08 | 2.88 | 0.98 | 0.0615 | ∗ | 0.26 | 58 | 2.17 | 0.89 | 2.14 | 0.95 | 0.8455 | −0.04 | 0.3001 | 0.2387 | 0.2118 | ||
| Environmental behavior: Agency | 129 | 19.45 | 6.44 | 20.20 | 6.32 | 0.0480 | ∗∗ | 0.14 | 58 | 13.76 | 6.53 | 13.41 | 6.02 | 0.5662 | −0.05 | 12,198 | 0.7588 | 0.1114 | ||
| Environmental behavior: Transport | 128 | 15.29 | 3.47 | 15.78 | 3.33 | 0.2230 | 0.13 | 58 | 14.17 | 4.22 | 15.17 | 3.67 | 0.1378 | 0.25 | −0.5714 | 0.6779 | 0.4015 | |||
| Environmental behavior: Food | 128 | 10.05 | 3.06 | 10.25 | 3.14 | 0.2908 | 0.08 | 58 | 8.69 | 2.99 | 8.76 | 2.64 | 0.8132 | 0.02 | 0.1850 | 0.4027 | 0.6470 | |||
| Environmental behavior: Waste | 127 | 7.62 | 1.31 | 7.75 | 1.21 | 0.6192 | 0.06 | 58 | 6.93 | 1.58 | 7.28 | 1.49 | 0.1861 | 0.22 | −0.2642 | 0.2932 | 0.3700 | |||
| Organizational mainstreaming | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Organizational mainstreaming: Do you stand up | 130 | 4.00 | 0.81 | 3.85 | 0.87 | 0.0675 | ∗ | −0.18 | 58 | 3.17 | 0.93 | 3.21 | 1.08 | 0.8390 | 0.03 | −0.1883 | 0.1670 | 0.2623 | ||
| Organizational mainstreaming: Integration at work | 124 | 29.52 | 8.04 | 31.46 | 9.27 | 0.0414 | ∗∗ | 0.20 | 58 | 27.79 | 10.90 | 23.83 | 9.35 | 0.0081 | ∗∗∗ | −0.38 | 57,621 | 15,675 | 0.0004 | ∗∗∗ |
| Organizational mainstreaming: Intention next 12 months | 130 | 4.08 | 1.07 | 4.23 | 1.06 | 0.2139 | 0.14 | 58 | 2.66 | 1.54 | 3.00 | 1.39 | 0.1941 | 0.23 | −0.1910 | 0.2518 | 0.4502 | |||
| Transformative qualities/capacities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mindfulness: Sum | 129 | 27.18 | 3.99 | 29.47 | 4.53 | 0.0003 | ∗∗∗ | 0.53 | 0 | NaN | NA | NaN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Mindfulness: Non-judgment | 130 | 6.38 | 2.87 | 5.38 | 2.45 | 0.0007 | ∗∗∗ | −0.37 | 0 | NaN | NA | NaN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Mindfulness: Non-reacting | 129 | 6.49 | 1.67 | 6.73 | 1.59 | 0.2682 | 0.14 | 0 | NaN | NA | NaN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Mindfulness: Acting with awareness | 130 | 6.28 | 1.80 | 6.58 | 1.76 | 0.1589 | 0.17 | 0 | NaN | NA | NaN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Mindfulness: Observe | 130 | 3.52 | 1.13 | 3.45 | 1.16 | 0.6000 | −0.07 | 0 | NaN | NA | NaN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Subjective well-being: Sum | 129 | 20.60 | 5.49 | 21.59 | 5.52 | 0.0336 | ∗∗ | 0.18 | 58 | 16.07 | 6.88 | 17.17 | 6.95 | 0.2402 | 0.16 | −0.1347 | 0.9054 | 0.8821 | ||
| Subjective well-being: Social well-being | 130 | 5.89 | 2.41 | 6.42 | 2.43 | 0.0368 | ∗∗ | 0.22 | 58 | 4.52 | 2.69 | 4.90 | 2.40 | 0.3702 | 0.15 | −0.2483 | 0.3014 | 0.4122 | ||
| Subjective well-being: Emotional well-being | 130 | 7.32 | 1.79 | 7.52 | 1.77 | 0.2156 | 0.11 | 58 | 5.45 | 2.29 | 5.90 | 2.44 | 0.1136 | 0.19 | −0.0259 | 0.3840 | 0.9465 | |||
| Subjective well-being: Psychological well-being | 129 | 7.38 | 2.07 | 7.64 | 2.07 | 0.1937 | 0.12 | 58 | 6.10 | 2.79 | 6.38 | 2.69 | 0.4822 | 0.10 | 0.1438 | 0.4604 | 0.7555 | |||
| Connectedness with nature | 130 | 4.18 | 1.96 | 5.20 | 1.44 | 0.0002 | ∗∗∗ | 0.58 | 29 | NaN | NA | 4.14 | 1.16 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Self-Compassion: Sum | 129 | 21.38 | 3.96 | 22.27 | 3.55 | 0.0168 | ∗∗ | 0.25 | 0 | NaN | NA | NaN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Compassion for others: Sum | 129 | 19.40 | 2.89 | 19.61 | 2.80 | 0.5516 | 0.07 | 0 | NaN | NA | NaN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Compassion for others: Engage | 130 | 7.38 | 1.49 | 7.32 | 1.43 | 0.7451 | −0.04 | 0 | NaN | NA | NaN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Compassion for others: Act | 129 | 12.02 | 1.83 | 12.27 | 1.80 | 0.2886 | 0.14 | 0 | NaN | NA | NaN | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
(1) based on paired t-test
(2) based on paired Cohen’s d.
(3) based on linear regression models.