Important metabolic parameters for assessment of overall improvement
| Metabolic parameters | Cut-off points |
|---|---|
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 100 |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | 15 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.0 |
| CRP (mg/L) | |
| Low-risk | <1 |
| medium-risk | 1-2.99 |
| High-risk | ≥3.0 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 200 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 130 |
| non-HDL-C (mg/dL) | 160 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 60 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 150 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 80 |
| Waist to height ratio | 0.5 |
| Bone mineral density (T-score) | |
| Normal | Above−1.0 |
| Low bone mass (osteopenia) | −1.0-−2.5 |
| Osteoporosis | Less than equal to−2.5 |
| Severe osteoporosis | Below −2.5 with fragility fracture |
| Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) | |
| Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for females (kg/m2) | <5.4 |
| Bioelectrical impedance analysis for females (kg/m2) | <5.7 |
Source: Dow CA, Thomson CA, Flatt SW, Sherwood NE, Pakiz B, Rock CL. Predictors of improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors with weight loss in women. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2013 Dec 18;2(6):e000152; Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Chou MY, Iijima K, Jang HC, Kang L, Kim M, Kim S, Kojima T, Kuzuya M, Lee JSW, Lee SY, Lee WJ, Lee Y, Liang CK, Lim JY, Lim WS, Peng LN, Sugimoto K, Tanaka T, Won CW, Yamada M, Zhang T, Akishita M, Arai H. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020 Mar;21(3):300-307.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.012. Epub 2020 Feb 4. PMID: 32033882; Meeta M, Harinarayan CV, Marwah R, Sahay R, Kalra S, Babhulkar S. Clinical Practice Guidelines on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: *An Executive Summary and Recommendations - Update 2019-2020. J Midlife Health. 2020 Apr-Jun;11(2):96-112. doi: 10.4103/jmh.JMH_143_20. Epub 2020 Aug 10. PMID: 33281419; PMCID: PMC7688018.