TABLE 1.
Characteristics of patients with headache, renal colic, and back pain
| Cohortsa | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Headache (N = 1,502,831) | Renal colic (N = 183,028) | Low back pain (N = 2,729,020) |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 41 (17) | 45 (15) | 46 (18) |
| Female | 1,044,520 (70) | 64,690 (35) | 1,436,938 (53) |
| Race | |||
| White | 688,111 (46) | 120,994 (66) | 1,426,942 (52) |
| Black | 382,327 (25) | 12,333 (7) | 606,515 (22) |
| Hispanic | 295,955 (20) | 33,147 (18) | 478,697 (18) |
| Other | 136,438 (9) | 16,554 (9) | 216,866 (8) |
| Primary payer | |||
| Medicare | 192,869 (13) | 21,820 (12) | 471,629 (17) |
| Medicaid | 284,135 (19) | 18,014 (10) | 409,695 (15) |
| Private insurance | 668,982 (45) | 104,418 (57) | 1,066,069 (39) |
| Self-pay | 284,117 (19) | 31,840 (17) | 530,889 (19) |
| Other | 72,728 (5) | 6936 (4) | 250,738 (9) |
| Vascular comorbidities | |||
| History of stroke or transient ischemic attack | 25,725 (2) | 1070 (1) | 30,197 (1) |
| Coronary heart disease | 81,645 (5) | 9284 (5) | 195,428 (7) |
| Hypertension | 397,227 (26) | 38,808 (21) | 731,869 (27) |
| Diabetes | 152,544 (10) | 17,592 (10) | 326,781 (12) |
| Congestive heart failure | 29,468 (2) | 1830 (1) | 74,146 (3) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 23,487 (2) | 2183 (1) | 57,901 (2) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 25,821 (2) | 1839 (1) | 56,947 (2) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 90,738 (6) | 5910 (3) | 208,000 (8) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 29,676 (2) | 2839 (2) | 69,928 (3) |
| Tobacco use | 76,219 (5) | 7181 (4) | 161,722 (6) |
| Alcohol abuse | 233,042 (16) | 21,452 (12) | 545,499 (20) |
| Number of vascular comorbidities | |||
| ≥1 | 628,659 (42) | 64,176 (35) | 1,233,783 (45) |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
a
Data are presented as number (%) unless otherwise specified.