Table 1.
Characteristics of study patients by HIV status and association between HIV incidence and measures of socioeconomic deprivation (ADI) and residential segregation (Isolation Index).
| Characteristics | Overall (N = 55,974) | HIV + cases (N = 11,878) | HIV- controls (N = 44,096) | aORa (95%CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADI | |||||
| Q1 - Q3 | 33,396 (59.66) | 6932 (58.36) | 26,464 (60.01) | Ref | |
| Q4 - Q5 | 22,578 (40.34) | 4649 (41.64) | 17,632 (39.99) | 0.88 (0.84–0.92) | <0.001 |
| ISOL INDX | |||||
| Q1 - Q3 | 30,025 (53.64) | 3617 (30.45) | 26,408 (59.89) | Ref | |
| Q4 - Q5 | 25,819 (46.13) | 8213 (69.14) | 17,606 (39.93) | 1.88 (1.79–1.97) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| NH White | 33,436 (59.73) | 4397 (37.02) | 29,039 (65.85) | Ref | |
| NH Black | 13,987 (24.99) | 6116 (51.49) | 7871 (17.85) | 3.44 (3.26–3.63) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 3245 (5.80) | 739 (6.22) | 2506 (5.68) | 1.31 (1.19–1.44) | <0.001 |
| Other/unknown | 5306 (9.48) | 2512 (5.27) | 4680 (10.61) | 0.72 (0.66–0.79) | <0.001 |
| Homeless | |||||
| No | 53,730 (95.99) | 10,525 (88.61) | 43,205 (97.98) | Ref | |
| Yes | 2244 (4.01) | 1353 (11.39) | 891 (2.02) | 4.21 (3.83–4.63) | <0.001 |
| Rural/urban | |||||
| Metropolitan | 42,031 (75.09) | 10,039 (84.52) | 31,992 (72.55) | Ref | |
| Not Metropolitan | 13,943 (24.91) | 1839 (15.48) | 12,104 (27.45) | 0.71 (0.66–0.75) | <0.001 |
| Division | |||||
| Pacific | 7395 (13.21) | 1757 (14.79) | 5638 (12.79) | Ref | |
| New England | 1859 (3.32) | 242 (2.04) | 1617 (3.67) | 0.50 (0.43–0.59) | <0.001 |
| Mid Atlantic | 4769 (8.52) | 1261 (10.62) | 3508 (7.96) | 0.86 (0.78–0.94) | 0.001 |
| East North Central | 7323 (13.08) | 1038 (8.74) | 6285 (14.25) | 0.49 (0.44–0.53) | <0.001 |
| West North Central | 3585 (6.40) | 358 (3.01) | 3227 (7.32) | 0.41 (0.36–0.47) | <0.001 |
| South Atlantic | 15,318 (27.37) | 4193 (35.30) | 11,125 (25.23) | 0.88 (0.82–0.95) | <0.001 |
| East South Central | 3979 (7.11) | 751 (6.32) | 3228 (7.32) | 0.60 (0.54–0.67) | <0.001 |
| West South Central | 7241 (12.99) | 1655 (13.93) | 5616 (12.74) | 0.82 (0.76–0.90) | <0.001 |
| Mountain | 4475 (7.99) | 623 (5.24) | 3852 (8.74) | 0.61 (0.55–0.68) | <0.001 |
aOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio; P: p-value; ADI: Area Deprivation Index; ISOL INDX: Isolation Index.
National sample of U.S. Veterans from 2007 to 2015.
a
Mutually adjusted odds ratio. Age, sex and index year are not included since they are matching factors.