Table 2.
Number and percentage of participants in brackets of all those working with small (≤3 kg), medium (>3 to ≤5 kg) or large (>5 kg) birds and the frequency of application for each on-farm killing method.
| Method | Application frequency | Small (≤3 kg) (n = 162) | Medium (>3 to ≤5 kg) (n = 25) | Large (>5 kg) (n = 28) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manual cervical dislocation | Always | 148 (91.4%) | 7 (28.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Often | 9 (5.6%) | 9 (36.0%) | 20 (71.4%) | |
| Sometimes | 2 (1.2%) | 6 (24.0%) | 6 (21.4%) | |
| Rarely | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 2 (7.1%) | |
| Never | 3 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Mechanical cervical dislocation (broomstick) | Always | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Often | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Sometimes | 2 (1.2%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Rarely | 2 (1.2%) | 4 (16.0%) | 1 (3.6%) | |
| Never | 158 (97.5%) | 20 (80.0%) | 27 (96.4%) | |
| Mechanical cervical dislocation (pliers) | Always | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Often | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Sometimes | 4 (2.5%) | 2 (8.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Rarely | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Never | 157 (96.9%) | 22 (88.0%) | 28 (100.0%) | |
| Mechanical cervical dislocation (cone) | Always | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Often | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Sometimes | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Rarely | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Never | 162 (100.0%) | 24 (96.0%) | 28 (100.0%) | |
| Mechanical cervical dislocation (Livetec Nex®) | Always | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 3 (10.7%) |
| Often | 23 (14.2%) | 8 (32.0%) | 16 (57.1%) | |
| Sometimes | 7 (4.3%) | 2 (8.0%) | 1 (3.6%) | |
| Rarely | 16 (9.9%) | 6 (24.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Never | 116 (71.6%) | 6 (24.0%) | 8 (28.6%) | |
| Blunt force trauma | Always | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Often | 3 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Sometimes | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Rarely | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Never | 158 (97.5%) | 24 (96.0%) | 28 (100.0%) | |
| Captive bolt (cartridge) | Always | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Often | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.0%) | 1 (3.6%) | |
| Sometimes | 2 (1.2%) | 12 (48.0%) | 1 (3.6%) | |
| Rarely | 6 (3.7%) | 7 (28.0%) | 26 (92.9%) | |
| Never | 153 (94.4%) | 5 (20.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Captive bolt (noncartridge) | Always | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Often | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Sometimes | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Rarely | 5 (3.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Never | 155 (95.7%) | 23 (92.0%) | 28 (100.0%) | |
| Decapitation | Always | 2 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Often | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Sometimes | 5 (3.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Rarely | 2 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Never | 152 (93.8%) | 25 (100.0%) | 28 (100.0%) | |
| Gas | Always | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Often | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Sometimes | 4 (2.5%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Rarely | 4 (2.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Never | 154 (95.1%) | 24 (96.0%) | 28 (100.0%) | |
| Electrical stun to kill | Always | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Often | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Sometimes | 2 (1.2%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Rarely | 2 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Never | 158 (97.5%) | 24 (96.0%) | 28 (100.0%) | |
| Overdose of anesthetic | Always | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Often | 2 (1.2%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Sometimes | 7 (4.3%) | 2 (8.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Rarely | 10 (6.2%) | 4 (16.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Never | 143 (88.3%) | 18 (72.0%) | 28 (100.0%) |