TABLE 4.

Summary of factors in macrophages that protect from (green) or promote (red) neuroinflammation.

	Factor	Function	References
Lipid handling	TREM2	Enhances myelin phagocytosis and regulates autophagy to prevent inflammation	Paloneva et al. (2002), Atagi et al. (2015), Nugent et al. (2020)
	LPL	Enhances phagocytosis and Aβ uptake; prevents weight gain and degradation of myelin	Ma et al. (2013), Cantoni et al. (2015), Leng et al. (2022)
	HK2	Negative regulator of LPL	Leng et al. (2022)
Cytokine	IL-1β	Promotes microglia accumulation; impairs memory	Heneka et al. (2013)
	IL-4	Inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and TLR4	Guo et al. (2021)
	TAK1	Promotes excess production of IL-18 and enhances cerebrovascular dysfunction	Shen et al. (2020)
	TNFα, IL-1α, Clq	Promotes neuronal death by inducing astrocytes activation	Liddelow et al. (2017)
Lipid mediators	PGE2	Prevents satiety	Niraula et al. (2022)
	MaR1	Enhances phagocytosis of Aβ	Zhu et al. (2016)
	N-AS, COX-2	Increase phagocytosis	Lee et al. (2020)
miRNA	miR-27a	Decreases production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by suppressing the expression of Tlr4	Lv et al. (2017)
	miR-155	Decreases SOCS-1 production thereby promoting inflammation	Cardoso et al. (2012), Woodbury et al. (2015)
Efferocytosis/phagocytosis	STAT6, ARG1, GAS6	Enhance efferocytosis, reduce production of pro-inflammatory marker and protect against neuronal death	Cai et al. (2019), Tang et al. (2022)
	LPL	Increases production of ATP to fuel phagocytosis	Bieghs et al. (2012), Govaere et al. (2022)
	TREM2	Enhances microglia proliferation and myelin debris clearance	Cantoni et al. (2015)
	HK2	Prevents phagocytosis and enhances accumulation of Aβ	Leng et al. (2022)