. 2023 Feb 10;101(4):290–296. doi: 10.2471/BLT.22.288614

Table 1. Example of how surveillance data can inform the need for different initial empiric treatments based on local resistance thresholds.

Antibiotic^a	% of patients with resistant Salmonella spp bloodstream infections, median (IQR)	Recommendation in the WHO AWaRe Book
Ciprofloxacin	20 (5–35)^b	1^st choice if low risk of fluoroquinolone resistance
Ceftriaxone	5 (0–15)^c	1^st choice if high risk of fluoroquinolone resistance

IQR: interquartile range; WHO: World Health Organization.

^a Only antibiotics recommended in the WHO Model list of essential medicines and WHO Model list of essential medicines for children for the treatment of enteric fever are reported. Azithromycin is also recommended in both model lists for the treatment of enteric fever if the risk of fluoroquinolone resistance is high, but no surveillance data from WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System for this pathogen and antibiotic combination is currently available.

^b Data reported to the WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System in 2020 from 32 countries and 11 483 infections.

^c Data reported to the WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System in 2020 from 26 countries and 11 009 infections.

Data source: WHO (2021).¹⁸