Table 1. Participant characteristics.
| High-WL baseline |
2 Months | 8 Months | Low-WL baseline |
2 Months | 8 Months |
P-value baseline |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex (%) | 64.5 | 65.7 | 0.836 | ||||
| Age (y) | 42.2 ± 6.7 | 42.5 ± 5.7 | 0.685 | ||||
| Weight loss (%) | 12.3 ± 2.9 | 15.4 ± 4.6 | 10.0 ± 1.9* | 5.8 ± 3.4# | |||
| Weight (kg) | 100.4 ± 18.3 | 87.9 ± 15.9 | 84.8 ± 15.8 | 97.7 ± 16.7 | 88.0 ± 15.1 | 92.0 ± 15.7 | 0.211 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.6 ± 4.8 | 30.3 ± 4.3 | 29.2 ± 4.2 | 34.0 ± 4.4 | 30.6 ± 4.1 | 32.0 ± 4.1 | 0.291 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 0.339 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 0.479 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 0.582 |
| TAG (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 0.682 |
| NEFA (µmol/L) | 680 ± 294 | 747 ± 231 | 574 ± 229 | 640 ± 281 | 685 ± 218 | 564 ± 227 | 0.295 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 0.734 |
| Insulin (mU/L) | 12.6 ± 18.1 | 9.2 ± 15.1 | 9.9 ± 14.3 | 10.9 ± 6.5 | 7.8 ± 3.9 | 9.1 ± 4.5 | 0.312 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.4 ± 5.0 | 2.2 ± 3.9 | 2.5 ± 4.0 | 2.9 ± 1.9 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 0.358 |
Note:
Data are reported as mean ± SD. P values for baseline comparisons were obtained by using the Pearson c2 test for sex, and by unpaired t-test for the other variables (*P < 0.001 different from 2 months, #P < 0.001 different from 8 months). Skewed variables were loge-transformed before analysis. BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TAG, triacylglycerol; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model for the assessment of insulin resistance. Data based on n = 281.