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. 2023 Mar 27;17:42. doi: 10.1186/s13034-023-00588-w

Table 4.

Associations between all covariates, meeting 24-h movement guidelines and bullying others

Bullying others
Odds ratio (95% CI) p
Age
 6–13 years (reference) 1 (reference)
 14–17 years 0.74 (0.51–1.09) 0.13
Sex
 Male (reference) 1 (reference)
 Female 1.01 (0.76–1.36) 0.93
Overweight
 No (reference) 1 (reference)
 Yes 1.19 (0.79–1.36) 0.40
Ethnicity
 White (reference) 1 (reference)
 Black/African American 1.13 (0.66–1.96) 0.65
 American Indian/Alaska native 2.01 (0.81–5.01) 0.14
 Asian 1.04 (0.49–2.21) 0.92
 Native Hawaiian and other pacific islander 3.94 (0.28–55.57) 0.31
 Two or more ethnicities 0.72 (0.46–1.13) 0.16
Born 3 weeks or more weeks before due date
 No (reference) 1 (reference)
 Yes 1.14 (0.74–1.75) 0.56
ADHD severity level
 Mild (reference) 1 (reference)
 Moderate 1.69 (1.02–2.37) 0.002
 Severe 3.00 (1.78–5.04)  < 0.001
ADHD medication & behavioral treatment
 Neither behavioral treatment nor medication (reference) 1 (reference)
 Behavioral treatment and medication 1.26 (0.81–1.95) 0.30
 Behavioral treatment only 1.70 (1.02–2.85) 0.04
 Medication only 0.66 (0.44–0.99) 0.05
Household poverty level
 0–99% FPL (reference) 1 (reference)
 100–400% FPL 0.85(0.51–1.43) 0.54
Highest level of education among reported adults
 Less than high school (reference) 1 (reference)
 High school (vocational/trade/business school) 0.76 (0.28–2.01) 0.58
 Some college or associate degree 1.19 (0.48–2.96) 0.71
 College degree or higher 0.80 (0.31–2.04) 0.64
24-HMB guidelines met (categorical)
 None (reference) 1 (reference)
 Screen time only 0.44 (0.26–0.76) 0.003
 Sleep only 0.65 (0.44–0.95) 0.03
 Physical activity only 1.05 (0.52–2.10) 0.89
 Screen time + Sleep 0.60 (0.39–0.93) 0.02
 Screen time + Physical activity 0.91 (0.44–1.89) 0.80
 Sleep + Physical activity 0.94 (0.55–1.59) 0.82
 All three 1.16 (0.45–3.01) 0.75
 Prob > F  < 0.001

FPL Federal Poverty Level