Jacobi‐Polishook 2009.

Study characteristics
Methods	Single‐day, randomised, controlled, parallel, double‐blind trial with 2 arms investigating postural stability in 24 children with ADHD: MPH placebo
Participants	Number of participants screened: 80 Number of participants included: 24 (22 boys, 2 girls) Number of participants followed up: 24 Number of withdrawals: 0 Diagnosis of ADHD: DSM‐IV (subtype not stated) Age: MPH mean 10.06 years (range 7‐16), placebo mean 10.88 years (range 7‐16) MPH‐naive: 0% Ethnicity: not stated Country: Israel Setting: outpatient clinic Comorbidity: not stated Comedication: no IQ: > 70 Other sociodemographics: none No significant difference in baseline demographics were noted between the 2 groups Inclusion criteria DSM‐IV diagnosis 7‐16 years of age MPH treatment on a daily basis for the past 3 months Only MPH responders (improvement in ADHD symptoms after MPH treatment according to parent and teacher reports on the ADHD‐RS‐IV, and according to paediatric neurologist follow‐up) IQ > 70 ADHD symptoms had to be severe for ≥ 6 items on the DSM‐IV ADHD‐RS (ADHD RS‐IV), Parent Version Exclusion criteria Neurological, orthopaedic or psychiatric diagnoses according to DSM‐IV criteria that can affect motor control and postural stability: cerebral palsy, neuropathic disease, limb fracture or head trauma during the previous year Use of any medication other than MPH during the trial period
Interventions	Participants were randomly assigned to 5 mg of SA‐MPH or 5 mg placebo Number randomised to each group: MPH 12, placebo 12 Mean medication dosage: not stated Administration schedule: 5 mg x 1 (single dose) Duration of intervention: 1 day Washout before trial intervention: 24 h Titration period: none Treatment compliance: 100%
Outcomes	Serious AEs No serious AEs of drug treatment were experienced Non‐serious AEs No non‐serious AEs of drug treatment were experienced
Notes	Sample calculation: yes Ethics approval: no information Key conclusions of trial authors MPH improves postural stability in ADHD, especially when an additional task is performed, probably through enhanced attention abilities, thus contributing to improved balance control during performance of tasks that require attention MPH remains to be studied as a potential drug treatment to improve balance control and physical functioning in other clinical populations Inclusion of MPH responders only/exclusion of MPH non‐responders/children who have previously experienced AEs while taking MPH before randomisation: yes; see 'Inclusion criteria' Any withdrawals due to AEs: no Funding source: not declared Any withdrawals due to AEs: no
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomisation using a table of random numbers
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Placebo pill was identical in appearance to the MPH pill
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Participants and tester administering the examination were blinded to group assignments
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Participants and tester administering the examination were blinded to group assignments
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No dropouts in either group Selection bias (e.g. titration after randomisation → exclusion of MPH non‐responders or placebo responders): no
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Outcomes reported according to protocol