Wallander 1987.

Study characteristics
Methods	Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial with 3 interventions: MPH 0.3 mg/kg MPH 0.6 mg/kg placebo
Participants	Number of participants screened: 28 (20 boys, 8 girls) Number of participants included: unclear Number of participants followed up: unclear Number of withdrawals: unclear Diagnosis of ADHD: DSM‐III (subtype not stated) Age: mean 8.4 years (range 6‐12) IQ: mean 79.64 MPH‐naive: 28 (100%) Ethnicity: not stated Country: USA Setting: outpatient clinic and inpatient ward Comorbidity: not stated Comedication: not stated Other sociodemographics: 3.52 (Hollingshead‐Redlich Index) Inclusion criteria Meeting DSM‐III criteria for the diagnosis of ADHD, as assessed by an experienced psychiatrist and paediatrician Scoring 2 SD above the mean for age and sex on both hyperactivity and distractibility factors of the CTRS Naive to stimulant medication Exclusion criteria No information
Interventions	Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of the possible drug condition orders of MPH (0.3 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg) and placebo Mean MPH dosage: no information Administration schedule: twice/d, 8:30 am and noon Duration of each medication condition: 12 days for inpatients and 19 days for outpatients (mean 15.25 days) Washout before trial initiation: none Medication‐free period between interventions: 68 h Titration period: none Treatment compliance: no information
Outcomes	General behaviour Oppositional behaviour
Notes	Sample calculation: none Ethics approval: no information Key conclusions of trial authors Results indicate no change in social behaviours, as participants decreased their display of problem behaviours as a function of stimulants "Peers and teachers responded and attendees less to them, however, when they received stimulants as compared with placebo" Comment from review authors Data could not be used in meta‐analyses because some were missing Exclusion of MPH non‐responders/children who have previously experienced AEs while taking MPH before randomisation: no Any withdrawals due to AEs: no Funding source: in part by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) grants and the University of Southern California Faculty Research and Innovation Fund. Email correspondence with trial authors: December 2013. No supplemental information available
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Receiving interventions in counterbalanced orders
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Agreement of 90% across all categories had to be reached with this validity observer Selection bias (e.g. titration after randomisation → exclusion): no
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Protocol not identified