Bernstein 2015.

Methods	Setting: emergency department (ED), USA Recruitment: ED patients (both admitted and released), not selected for motivation
Participants	778 smokers (averaging ≥ 5 cpd); 48% M, av. age 40, av. cpd 11 Provider: research assistant trained in motivational techniques & specialist counsellor
Interventions	1. Control: self‐help brochure with quitline contact details 2. As 1 plus 10‐15 min motivational interview delivered by a research assistant trained in motivational techniques, 6 week supply of nicotine patches and gum, faxed referral to state quitline for proactive counselling, call from nurse 3 days after ED visit
Outcomes	Abstinence: 7 day PP at 12 months Validation: CO only at 3 months
Notes	New for 2015 update
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	random plan generator
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	blinded staff member prepared opaque consecutively numbered envelopes
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Loss to follow‐up 21.5% (82) I , 22% (82) C. Denominators exclude 6 deaths in I, 2 deaths & 2 duplicate enrolments in C