Cooney 2007.

Methods	Setting: 2 Veterans Administration outpatient substance abuse programmes, USA Recruitment: Patients in treatment programme, interested in smoking cessation & alcohol treatment
Participants	118 smokers, ≥ 10 cpd, (excludes 15 early dropouts); 89% M, av. age 47, av. cpd 25 Provider: cessation specialist
Interventions	1. Brief advice; 5As model, 15 min session & 5 min follow‐up, no offer of NRT 2. Intensive intervention; 3x 60 min individual sessions, free NRT (21 mg patch for up to 8 wks including tapering) Both delivered concurrently with 3 week intensive substance abuse programme (15 meetings)
Outcomes	Abstinence at 6 months (PP) Validation: CO < 10 ppm
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomized, method not stated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details given
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	9 I & 6 C pre‐therapy dropouts excluded. Lost to follow‐up: 9/55 (16%) I, 14/63 (22%) C. Losses included as smokers; exclusion would reduce point estimate, but CIs wide.