Table 3. Biochemical parameters and inflammatory markers before and after cocoa consumption.
| Variables | NW (n = 15) | P-value | CIIO (n = 15) | Reference value | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | Before | After | |||||
| Biochemical parameters | ||||||||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 94.2 ± 1.7 | 90.7 ± 2.37 | 0.0737 | 101 ± 1.3 | 98.1 ± 1.9 | 70–110 | 0.2048 | |
| Cholesterol Total (mg/dL) | 153.4 ± 13.17 | 162.5 ± 9.94 | 0.5544 | 174.2 ± 9.8 | 171.0 ± 14.83 | < 200 | 0.8482 | |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 34.3 ± 1.97 | 44.16 ± 1.68 | 0.1292 | 31.04 ± 1.3 | 31.35 ± 2.1 | 35–65 | 0.2950 | |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 144.2 ± 5.5 | 119.6 ± 5.9* | 0.0001 | 170.8 ± 10.7 | 139.7 ± 14.72* | < 130 | 0.0488 | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 82.6 ± 7.1 | 89.09 ± 10.7 | 0.0697 | 172 ± 22.9 | 138.2 ± 18.5 | < 200 | 0.8905 | |
| Insulin µUI | 5.13 ± 0.6 | 5.9 ± 1.33 | 0.5899 | 19.41 ± 2.01 | 13.02 ± 1.27* | 2–20 | 0.0004 | |
| HOMA | 1.17 ± 0.13 | 1.28 ± 0.29 | 0.7407 | 4.78 ± 0.4 | 3.14 ± 0.31* | < 3 | 0.0018 | |
| Inflammation markers | ||||||||
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.54 ± 0.16 | 1.48 ± 0.16 | 0.3990 | 6.29 ± 0.22 | 6.20 ± 0.14 | < 1.0 | 0.6312 | |
| ESR mm/h | 8.2 ± 0.8 | 8.3 ± 1.2 | 0.9090 | 16.4 ± 2.6 | 16.0 ± 2.25 | 0–15 | 0.1654 | |
| Arginase (nmol urea/mg protein/minute) | 0.27 ± 0.02 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.7040 | 0.49 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.03* | 0.0249 | ||
| Total calorie intake by the intervention (kcal) | −437.5 | - | −682.5 | - | - | |||
Data are expressed as mean ± SE and intragroup differences were analyzed by paired t-test *P < 0.05.
NW, normoweight; CIIO, class II obese; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.