Fig. 5. Western blot analysis for a phospho-phospholipase Cγ-1 and inositol trisphosphate receptor. We used western blot analyses (A) to detect the levels of p-PLCγ-1 (B) and IP₃R (C). These experiments were conducted in four groups: control, LPS, LPS-TIO (50 pM), and LPS-TIO (50 μM). Band intensity was quantified with image software (Multi Gauge, Version 3.0, Fujifilm Life Science, Tokyo, Japan). The p-PLCγ-1 expression ratio was increased and the IP₃R expression ratio was reduced in the LPS group. Along with the increase in TIO concentration from 50 pM to 50 μM, those ratios were relatively recovered as in the control group.

p-PLCγ-1 = phospho-phospholipase Cγ-1, IP₃R = inositol trisphosphate receptor, LPS = lipopolysaccharide, TIO = Tiotropium bromide.