Table 4.
List of studies reporting salivary sampling, serum/plasma-saliva comparative methods, and risk of bias
| Drug | Study | Population type | Sample size | Sampling | Saliva sampling times | Analytical method | Saliva-serum/plasma ratio | Saliva-serum/plasma comparison methods | Risk of bias (overall) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rifampin | Gurumurthy et al. [74] | TB | 30 | ND | 1, 2, 3, 6, and 8 h post-dose | Plate diffusion assay/microbiological methods | 0.07–0.13 | Ratios | Low |
| van den Elsen et al. [77] | TB | 11 | > 2 weeks | 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h post-dose | LC-MS/MS | Paired conc: 0.126 (0.109–0.154) AUC0–24: 0.154 (0.127–0.162) | Ratios, Passing–Bablok regression, Bland–Altman plots | Low | |
| Isoniazid | Anusiem et al. [50] | HV | 5 | Day of visit | 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, and 24 h post-dose | Spectrophotometry | AUC0–24: 0.14 | Ratios | Low |
| Gurumurthy et al. [74] | TB | 30 | ND | 1, 2, 3, 6, and 8 h post-dose | Chemical reaction and ultraviolet detection | Calculated Cmax ratio for slow acetylators: 0.95. Calculated Cmax ratio for rapid acetylators: 0.94 | Calculated ratios | Low | |
| Ofoefule et al. [76] | HV | 6 | Day of visit | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 24 h post-dose | ND | N/A | N/A | Moderate | |
| van den Elsen et al. [77] | TB | 8 | > 2 weeks | Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h post-dose | LC-MS/MS | Paired conc.: 0.763 (0.413–1.158) AUC0–24: 0.824 (0.492–1.2) | Ratios, Passing–Bablok regression, Bland–Altman plots | Low | |
| Levofloxacin | Alffenaar et al. [18] | HV | 6 | ND | ND | Spectrophotometry (mobile nanophotometer) | N/A | N/A | Low |
| Ghimire et al. [79] | TB | 23 | First visit: 15–30 days. Second visit: 45–60 days | 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h post-dose | LC-MS/MS | First visit, Cmax : 0.68 (0.53–0.97) AUC0–24: 0.69 (0.53–0.99). Second visit, Cmax : 0.73 (0.66–1.18) AUC0-24: 0.74 (0.59–0.93) | Ratios, Passing–Bablok regression, Bland–Altman plots | Low | |
| Mohamed et al. [20] | TB | 45 | > 2 weeks | 1 and 4 h post-dose | Spectrophotometry (mobile nanophotometer) | Cmax : 0.76 AUC0–24: 0.7 | Calculated ratios, Passing–Bablok regression | Low | |
| Moxifloxacin | Kumar et al. [75] | HV | 24 | Day of visit | ND | HPLC | 0.54 | Ratio | Low |
| van den Elsen et al. [78] | TB | 15 | > 2 weeks | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 h post-dose | LC-MS/MS | Paired con.c: 1 (0.68–1.35) AUC0–24: 0.89 (0.61–1.14) | Ratios, Passing–Bablok regression, Bland–Altman plots | Low | |
| Linezolid | Bolhuis et al. [80] | TB | 7 | > 2 weeks | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 h post-dose | HPLC-MS/MS | AUC0–12: 0.97 | Ratios, Passing–Bablok regression, Bland–Altman plots | Low |
| Kim et al. [19] | HV | 6 | ND | ND | Spectrophotometer (mobile nanophotometer) | N/A | N/A | Low | |
| van den Elsen et al. [78] | TB | 7 | > 2 weeks | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 h post-dose | LC-MS/MS | Paired conc.: 0.76 (0.64–0.85) AUC0–24: 0.81 (0.74–0.88) | Ratios, Passing–Bablok regression, Bland–Altman plots | Low | |
| Amikacin | van den Elsen et al. [81] | TB | 6 | > 2 weeks | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 h post-dose | Particle-enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay | Up to 0.18 | Ratios | Low |
| Clarithromycin | Bolhuis et al. [80] | TB | 7 | > 2 weeks | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 h post-dose | HPLC-MS/MS | Reported = 3.07 | Ratios, Passing–Bablok regression, Bland–Altman plots | Low |
AUC area under the concentration–time curve, Cmax maximum concentration, conc. concentration, h hours, HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC-MS/MS high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, HV healthy volunteers, LC-MS/MS liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, N/A not applicable, ND not described, TB tuberculosis