Table 2.
Operative characteristics of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy stratified by delayed gastric emptying
| DGE | No DGE | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | (n = 1246) | (n = 6765) | P value |
| Operative approach, n (%) | |||
| Open (planned) | 1144 (91.8%) | 6247 (92.3%) | 0.140 |
| Hybrid | 7 (0.4%) | 16 (0.2%) | 0.140 |
| Laparoscopic | 44 (0.9%) | 250 (1.7%) | 0.140 |
| Robotic | 51 (3.3%) | 249 (3.0%) | 0.140 |
| Pancreatic duct size, n (%) | |||
| < 3 mm | 254 (20.4%) | 1260 (18.6%) | 0.052 |
| 3–6 mm | 528 (42.4%) | 3050 (45.1%) | 0.052 |
| > 6 mm | 168 (13.5%) | 1010 (14.9%) | 0.052 |
| Pancreatic gland texture, n (%) | |||
| Hard | 459 (36.8%) | 2842 (42.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Intermediate | 114 (9.1%) | 665 (9.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Soft | 361 (29.0%) | 1572 (23.2%) | < 0.001 |
| G-J or D-J anastomoses, n (%) | |||
| Antecolic fashion | 305 (24.5%) | 1771 (26.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Retrocolic fashion | 136 (10.9%) | 743 (11.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Not performed | 22 (1.8%) | 63 (0.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Vascular resection, n (%) | |||
| Artery | 27 (2.2%) | 126 (1.9%) | 0.248 |
| Vein | 224 (18.0%) | 1144 (16.9%) | 0.248 |
| Vein and artery | 43 (3.5%) | 263 (3.9%) | 0.248 |
| Not performed | 934 (75.0%) | 5172 (76.5%) | 0.248 |
| Drain type, n (%) | |||
| Biliary anastomosis | 13 (1.0%) | 74 (1.1%) | 0.007 |
| Pancreatic and biliary anastomosis | 359 (28.8%) | 1774 (26.2%) | 0.007 |
| Pancreatic anastomosis | 92 (7.4%) | 429 (6.3%) | 0.007 |
| Pancreatic parenchyma | 12 (1.0%) | 40 (0.6%) | 0.007 |
| Type(s) cannot be determined | 59 (4.7%) | 234 (3.5%) | 0.007 |
| Drains, n (%) | 1120 (89.9%) | 5862 (86.7%) | 0.007 |
| Percutaneous drain, n (%) | 236 (18.9%) | 555 (8.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Pancreatic fistula A, n (%) | 177 (16.9%) | 425 (6.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Pancreatic fistula B, n (%) | 144 (14.2%) | 218 (3.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Pancreatic fistula C, n (%) | 36 (4.0%) | 29 (0.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Pancreatic fistula, n (%) | |||
| CD, Drain continued > 7 days | 33 (2.6%) | 98 (1.4%) | < 0.001 |
| CD, NPO-TPN | 15 (1.2%) | 11 (0.2%) | < 0.001 |
| CD, Percutaneous drainage performed | 57 (4.6%) | 102 (1.5%) | < 0.001 |
| CD, Reoperation performed | 22 (1.8%) | 23 (0.3%) | < 0.001 |
| CD, Spontaneous wound drainage | 12 (1.0%) | 20 (0.3%) | < 0.001 |
| PD, Drain continued > 7 days | 144 (11.6%) | 327 (4.8%) | < 0.001 |
| PD, NPO-TPN | 19 (1.5%) | 11 (0.2%) | < 0.001 |
| PD, percutaneous drainage performed | 41 (3.3%) | 74 (1.1%) | < 0.001 |
| PD, reoperation performed | 14 (1.1%) | 6 (0.1%) | < 0.001 |
DGE Delayed Gastric Emptying, N/A Not available, G-J Gastrojejunal, D-J Duodenojejunal, CD Clinical Diagnosis, PD Persistent Drainage, NPO Nothing by mouth, TPN total parenteral nutrition