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. 2023 Feb 14;50(4):3873–3884. doi: 10.1007/s11033-023-08251-5

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Fig.2 — PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling pathway: When receptor kinases activate PI3K, phosphorylates phosphoinositol to 3-phosphoinositide, which, in turn, transactivates several enzymes, including protein kinase B (PKB). Akt activation occurs indirectly through the phosphorylation of intermediate protein kinases (for example, PDK-1), the substrates of which are protein kinases (Akt, PKC). Activated Akt inhibits the function of the TSC-2 protein complex, which normally suppresses mTOR-induced activation of the transcriptional and translational regulatory processes