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. 2023 Mar 27;14:1710. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37419-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a RT-qPCR analysis of indicated cytokines/chemokines expression level in liver tissues from control or early-Abx mice (n = 8 per group). b ELISA assay for IL-18 levels in livers and small intestines of control (n = 6 per group) and early-Abx (n = 5 per group) mice. c, d Representative FACS plots and bar graph for the expression (MFI) of maturation markers or effector molecules in LrNK cells from control or early-Abx mice with or without recombinant IL-18 treatment (n = 6 per group). e, f Representative FACS plots and bar graph for the expression (MFI) of KLRG1, IFN-γ and TNF-α or perforin in LrNK cells co-cultured with hepatocytes or Kupffer cells in the presence of butyrate and/or anti-IL-18 (n = 6 per group). Dots represent data from individual mice, and error bars represent SEM per group in one experiment. Statistical analysis was performed by two-tailed Student’s t-test (a, b) or one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (c–f). ^**P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001; ^****P < 0.0001; ns, no significance. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.