Figure 8.

Frequencies of M. hyopneumoniae-specific IFN-γ secreting cells in PBMC of IN-vaccinated (nano-adjuvanted dry powder vaccine) and IM-vaccinated piglets. PBMC were recalled ex vivo with inactivated M. hyopneumoniae at a ratio of 100 bacterins/cell (~50 μg/ml) for 20 h. The levels are reported after subtraction of the values in the corresponding unstimulated cell samples and normalized to 10⁶ PBMC. Asterisks (*) indicate a statistically significant difference between the corresponding treatment group and the control group (p < 0.05). The mean value of the mock-vaccinated control group at 0 days PV (value = 0) was used as reference value for group comparisons throughout the study period. IN, intranasally; IM, intramuscularly; M.hyo, M. hyopneumoniae; SC, secreting cells; PV, post-vaccination.