Table 2.
Clinical data of 55 published cases.
| Authors | Patients | Age (y) | Sex | Type of epilepsy | Time of enuresis occurrence (d) | VPA concentration with enuresis (μg/mL) | Drug dosage (mg/kg/d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fan et al. (12) | 1 | 6 | F | Focal impaired awareness | 42 | N/A | 30-40 |
| 2 | 8 | M | Focal impaired awareness | 60 | N/A | 30–40 | |
| Shi (13) | 3 | 4 | F | Focal awareness | 1 | 55 | 100 mg TID |
| Panayiotopoulos (14) | 4 | 6 | F | Generalized onset non-motor | 2 | 52.2 | 200 mg TID |
| 5 | 6 | F | GTC | 3 | 60 | 19 | |
| Esmael et al. (15) | 6 | 5 | M | GTC | 5 | 65 | 26 |
| 7 | 5 | M | Generalized onset non-motor | 6 | 59 | 26 | |
| 8 | 5 | F | GTC | 11 | 67 | 24 | |
| 9 | 5 | M | GTC | 23 | 96 | 32 | |
| 10 | 5 | M | GTC | 20 | 89 | 36 | |
| 11 | 5 | F | Generalized onset motor (myoclonic) | 25 | 96 | 30 | |
| 12 | 6 | F | Generalized onset non-motor (absence) | 12 | 91 | 36 | |
| 13 | 6 | M | GTC | 15 | 73 | 24 | |
| 14 | 6 | M | GTC | 16 | 85 | 26 | |
| 15 | 6 | M | GTC | 14 | 71 | 23 | |
| 16 | 6 | F | GTC | 23 | 81 | 24 | |
| 17 | 7 | F | Focal onset | 23 | 90 | 31 | |
| 18 | 7 | M | GTC | 10 | 85 | 31 | |
| 19 | 7 | M | GTC | 18 | 85 | 25 | |
| 20 | 7 | F | GTC | 19 | 92 | 30 | |
| 21 | 8 | M | Focal onset | 9 | 94 | 35 | |
| 22 | 8 | F | Generalized onset motor (myoclonic) | 35 | 81 | 22 | |
| 23 | 8 | F | Focal onset | 17 | 87 | 29 | |
| 24 | 8 | M | GTC | 14 | 88 | 32 | |
| 25 | 9 | M | GTC | 28 | 84 | 33 | |
| 26 | 9 | M | GTC | 19 | 87 | 30 | |
| 27 | 9 | F | Focal onset | 20 | 85 | 29 | |
| 28 | 10 | F | Unknown onset | 9 | 87 | 30 | |
| 29 | 10 | M | GTC | 35 | 92 | 32 | |
| 30 | 11 | F | GTC | 15 | 90 | 31 | |
| 31 | 11 | M | GTC | 35 | 95 | 31 | |
| 32 | 12 | M | Generalized onset motor (myoclonic) | 17 | 89 | 34 | |
| 33 | 12 | F | GTC | 33 | 91 | 35 | |
| Ozan et al. (9) | 34 | 5 | F | GTC | 4 | 55 | 25 |
| 35 | 5 | M | GTC | 5 | 55 | 25 | |
| 36 | 6 | M | GTC | 10 | 64 | 23 | |
| 37 | 6 | M | GTC | 22 | 45 | 38 | |
| 38 | 6 | M | GTC | 19 | 67 | 37 | |
| 39 | 7 | F | GTC | 24 | 56 | 25 | |
| 40 | 7 | F | GTC | 11 | 77 | 22 | |
| 41 | 7 | M | GTC | 14 | 74 | 23 | |
| 42 | 7 | M | GTC | 15 | 91 | 30 | |
| 43 | 8 | M | GTC | 13 | 82 | 32 | |
| 44 | 9 | M | GTC | 22 | 77 | 28 | |
| 45 | 9 | M | GTC | 9 | 97 | 30 | |
| 46 | 9 | F | Generalized onset non-motor (absence) | 17 | 82 | 34 | |
| 47 | 10 | M | Generalized onset tonic | 18 | 73 | 21 | |
| 48 | 11 | M | Generalized onset motor (myoclonic) | 8 | 89 | 32 | |
| 49 | 11 | M | GTC | 34 | 97 | 35 | |
| 50 | 11 | F | Generalized onset motor (myoclonic) | 14 | 98 | 35 | |
| 51 | 12 | F | GTC | 34 | 86 | 34 | |
| 52 | 12 | F | Generalized onset tonic | 16 | 78 | 32 | |
| 53 | 13 | M | Generalized onset non-motor (absence) | 32 | 87 | 35 | |
| Gosavi et al. (16) | 54 | 5 | M | Unknown onset | 30 | N/A | 25 |
| Zaïem et al. (17) | 55 | 11 | M | Febrile seizure | 2 | 124 | 500 mg BID |
GTC, generalized onset motor (tonic-clonic); VPA, sodium valproate; TID, ter in die, three times a day; BID, bis in die, two times a day; N/A, not available.