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. 2023 Mar 14;13:1123192. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1123192

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Copyright © 2023 Wang, Wu, Chen and Wang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Serine and glycine metabolism in metastases. (A) In lung, the enhanced expression of PSAT1 was widely observed in various cancer tissues. In addition, PSPH is also observed to be upregulated in lung metastasis of NSCLC cells and melanoma cells. However, the low expression of PHGDH can enhance cell migration and invasion in breast cancer by activating hexosamine sialic acid pathway. (B) In brain, PHGDH can promote formation of brain metastases by enhancing serine synthesis. (C) In bone, PSPH, PSAT1 and PHGDH are all upregulated in bone metastases of breast cancer, resulting in osteolytic destruction.