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. 2023 Mar 28;24:95. doi: 10.1186/s12931-023-02399-1

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Differing biological and physiological features of macrophage subsets. Monocytes stimulated by macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) differentiate into M0 macrophages. M0 macrophages subjected to certain stimuli promote a phenotype of either M1, M2a, M2b, M2c, or M2d. Each phenotype has characteristic cytokine/chemokine secretion profiles with respective cellular and molecular functions; adapted from [196]