FIGURE 2.

Biomedical applications of liver organoids. Healthy liver organoids derived from healthy donors can mimic organogenesis, and thus hold great promise for developmental science. Healthy organoid transplantation into injured individuals showed terrific therapeutic effects, indicating that healthy organoids are prospective in regenerative medicine. Both healthy organoids and diseased organoids derived from patients with different types of liver diseases, including monogenic liver diseases, infectious hepatitis, AALD, MAFLD, and liver carcinoma, could be cryopreserved as biobanks for further experiments such as disease mechanism investigation. Diseased organoids are also subjected to drug screening and toxicity testing, indicating great candidates for personalized treatment. Abbreviations: AALD, alcohol-associated liver disease; MAFLD, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.