Table 1.

Quality assessment of the selected studies using modified QUADAS tool. The ‘✓’ demonstrates a favourable response to the question and the ‘X’ demonstrates an unfavourable response to the question. The overall score reflects the quality and risk of bias for each study

Quality Assessment Questions	Nishitani et al 2021	Leite et al 2021	Lee et al 2020	Zhao et al 2020	Mahdi et al 2020	Mura-matsu et al 2020	Silva et al 2020	Muresan et al 2020	Chung et al 2020	Tuzoff et al 2019	Koch et al 2019	Wirtz et al 2018	Jader et al 2018
Does the sample size consist of >100 images?	✓	✓	×	✓	✓	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	×	✓
Was there an explicit inclusion/exclusion criterion defined for dataset selection?	×	✓	✓	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	✓	✓	✓
Did the investigators mention sample size calculation?	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
Is the dataset multicentric?	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	✓	✓	×	×	×	×
Was there adequate information provided for replicating study?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Did the investigators employed any validation techniques in the test data to reduce bias?	×	×	×	✓	×	✓	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×
Does the study mention type of specialist involve for annotation?	×	✓	✓	×	×	✓	×	×	×	×	×	×	×
Did the investigators report more than one performance metrics?	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	×	✓	✓	✓	✓	×	×	✓
Did the investigators employ any data augmentation techniques?	×	✓	✓	×	×	✓	✓	✓	×	✓	✓	×	×
Overall score	3	6	5	5	3	4	6	5	4	4	4	2	4

High (6-8) score

Moderate (4-5) score

Low (0-3) score