Table 3.
Changes in the estimated pain scores and medication quantification scores after percutaneous epidural neuroplasty using a balloon catheter in patients with chronic spinal stenosis with and without spondylolisthesis
| Variables | Time | Estimated means (95% CI) | Estimated difference (95% CI)a | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No-spondylolisthesis (n = 393) |
Spondylolisthesis (n = 433) |
||||
| Back pain (NRS) | Baseline | 6.8 (6.5–7.0) | 6.6 (6.4–6.8) | –0.2 (–0.5–0.2) | 0.355 |
| 1 month | 4.8 (4.5–5.0)b | 4.7 (4.5–4.9)b | –0.1 (–0.4–0.3) | 0.761 | |
| 3 months | 4.8 (4.4–2.1)b | 4.4 (4.1–4.8)b | –0.3 (–0.8–0.1) | 0.152 | |
| 6 months | 4.2 (3.7–4.6)b | 4.6 (4.1–5.0)b | 0.4 (–0.2–1.0) | 0.228 | |
| Leg pain (NRS) | Baseline | 7.0 (6.8–7.2) | 7.2 (7.0–7.4) | 0.2 (–0.1–0.5) | 0.206 |
| 1 month | 4.8 (4.6–5.1)b | 4.9 (4.6–5.1)b | 0.0 (–0.3–0.3) | 0.904 | |
| 3 months | 4.8 (4.5–5.1)b | 4.4 (4.1–4.7)b | –0.3 (–0.8–0.1) | 0.100 | |
| 6 months | 4.4 (4.0–4.8)b | 4.6 (4.2–5.0)b | 0.2 (–0.3–0.7) | 0.507 | |
| MQS | Baseline | 8.6 (7.9–9.3) | 8.1 (7.5–8.8) | –0.5 (–1.4–0.5) | 0.316 |
| 1 month | 8.9 (8.2–9.6) | 8.7 (8.0–9.3) | –0.2 (–1.1–0.7) | 0.631 | |
| 3 months | 9.2 (8.5–10.0) | 8.4 (7.7–9.1) | –0.8 (–1.8–0.2) | 0.111 | |
| 6 months | 8.2 (7.3–9.0) | 7.9 (7.2–8.7) | –0.2 (–1.3–0.9) | 0.675 | |
A NRS was used to assess the intensity of both lower back and leg pain. A generalized estimating equations model was used in the statistical analysis. Data are presented as the estimated mean with 95% CI. The P values of the interactions between the groups and times were 0.214, 0.081, and 0.616 for back pain, leg pain, and MQS, respectively.
CI: confidence interval, NRS: numerical rating scale, MQS: medication quantification scale.
aEstimated difference in values between groups.
bP < 0.001 compared to baseline in each group.