Table 1. MOF-Based Sensors for Direct Detection of the Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Amyloid-β Peptidea.
| sensor | detection method | Aβ form | linear detection range (nM) | detection limit (nM) | pH | sample incubation time | temp. (°C) | stability (readings)b | storage | recovery rate (%) | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ab2/Au@Fc-Zn-MOF | EC | presumably Aβ1–42 | 2.2 × 10–5–22 | 6.7 × 10–6 | 7.4 | 2 h | 37 | 10 | n/ac | >90 (serum) | (52b) |
| Cu-Al2O3-g-C3N4-Pd Ab1/UiO-66@PANI-MB Ab2 | EC | Aβ (not specified) | 2.2 × 10–6–22 | 7.3 × 10–7 | 6.8 | 2 h | RT | 5 | 7–30 days, 4 °C | >98 (serum) | (54) |
| AuNPs@CuMOF/SD | EC | Aβ oligomers | 5 × 10–7–5 × 10–3 | 2.5 × 10–7 | 7.4 | 30 min | 37 | 7 | 29 days, 4 °C | >96 (serum) | (55) |
| g-C3N4@AuNPs Ab1/PdNPs@ MIL-53-NH2(Al) Ab2 | ECL | Aβ1–42 | 2.2 × 10–6–11 | 7.6 × 10–7 | 7.4 | 1.5 h | RT | 14 | n/a | >95 (serum) | (57) |
| g-C3N4-Ru@MOF/S2O82– | ECL-RET | Aβ (not specified) | 2.2 × 10–6–110 | 8.7 × 10–7 | 7.4 | >1 h | n/a | 9 | n/a | >99 (serum) | (58) |
| [Ru(bpy)3]2+-Zn-oxalate-MOF-Ab1/Au-NiFe-MOF-Ab2/TPA | ECL-RET | Aβ (monomer) | 2.2 × 10–5–11 | 3.06 × 10–6 | 7.4 | >2 h | 4 | 3 | n/a | >99 (CSF) | (49a) |
| [Ru(bpy)3]2+-NH2-UiO-66-Ab1/Ab2-MIL-101(Cr)@Au-MoS2 QDs/TPA | ECL-RET | Aβ (not specified) | 2.2 × 10–6–11 | 7.35 × 10–7 | 7.5 | >2 h | 4 | 13 | 7 days, 4°C | >96 (CSF) | (56) |
| AuNPs/Fe-MIL-88NH2 | ECL | Aβ oligomers | 10–5–10–3 | 7.1 × 10–7 | 7.4 | 1.5 h | 37 | n/a | 16 days | >98 (serum) | (62) |
| CuO/g-C3N4+MoS2 QDs@Cu NWs | PEC | Aβ oligomers | 1 × 10–5–5 × 102 | 5.79 × 10–6 | 7.4 | 1 h | 37 | 10 | 14 days | >98 (serum) | (65) |
| ZIF-8/Fc | EC | Aβ oligomers | 10–2–104 | n/a | 7.4 | 15 min | RT | n/a | n/a | >97 (CSF) | (67) |
| ZnO-Co3O4 | EC | Aβ monomers/oligomers/fibrils | 5–150 | 3.5 (in vitro); 1.58 (rat CSF) | 5.0 | 15 min | 25 | n/a | n/a | >92% (rat CSF) | (73) |
| Cu-BTC/Tb | F | Aβ1–40 | 1–550 (in vitro); 5–490 (plasma) | 0.3 (in vitro); 1 (plasma) | 7.4 | 20 min | RT | n/a | n/a | >95 (serum) | (69) |
| Ru-MIL-101(Al)-Apt-AuNPs/RecJF | F | Aβ oligomers | 10–3–10 | 3 × 10–4 | 7.4 | 30 min | RT | 5 | n/a | >93 (serum) | (64) |
| anti-DNA antibody@MOF (lanthanum-MIL53(Al))/Apt-MB | F | Aβ oligomers | 2.2 × 10–4–22 | 8.7 × 10–5 | 7.4 | 30 min | 25 | 10 | 7 weeks, RT | >90 (serum) | (64) |
| ThT@Er-MOF | F | Aβ (not specified) | 0–40 | 0.142 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | (70) |
| (luminol-Tb-GMP-Cu) | F | Aβ (not specified) | 5 × 10–2–80 | 2 × 10–2 | 7.4 | 30 min | 37 | n/a | n/a | n/a | (60) |
a
EC, electrochemical; ECL, electrochemiluminescence; RET, resonance energy transfer; F, fluorescence; PEC, photoelectrochemical.
b
Number of consecutive readings tested.
c
n/a: not available.