Table 3.
Univariable Analysis of Zoonotic Risk Factors Associated With HTLV-1 Infection
| Risk Factors | No. (%) |
nHTLV-1 | Prevalence, % | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hunting | |||||
| ȃNo | 2075 (61) | 25 | 1.2 | 1 | .45 |
| ȃYes | 1314 (38.6) | 11 | 0.8 | .7 (.3–1.4) | … |
| ȃUnknown | 11 (0.3) | 0 | 0.0 | … | … |
| Accompanying to hunt | |||||
| ȃNo | 2393 (70.4) | 19 | 0.8 | 1 | .04* |
| ȃYes | 779 (22.9) | 14 | 1.8 | 2.3 (1.1–4.6) | … |
| ȃUnknown | 228 (6.7) | 3 | 1.3 | 1.7 (.5–5.7) | … |
| Hunting NHPa | |||||
| ȃNo | 2097 (61.7) | 17 | 0.8 | 1 | .16 |
| ȃYes | 1133 (33.3) | 15 | 1.3 | 1.6 (.8–3.3) | … |
| ȃUnknown | 170 (5.0) | 4 | 2.4 | … | … |
| Hunting monkeys | |||||
| ȃNo | 2111 (62) | 17 | 0.8 | 1 | .14 |
| ȃYes | 1119 (33) | 15 | 1.3 | 1.7 (.8–3.4) | … |
| ȃUnknown | 170 (5) | 4 | 2.4 | … | … |
| Hunting apes | |||||
| ȃNo | 3004 (88) | 23 | 0.8 | 1 | <.001*** |
| ȃYes | 319 (9) | 10 | 3.1 | 4.2 (2.0–8.9) | … |
| ȃUnknown | 77 (2) | 3 | 3.9 | … | … |
| Bushmeat cutting | |||||
| ȃNo | 518 (15.2) | 6 | 1.2 | 1 | .81 |
| ȃYes | 2880 (84.7) | 30 | 1.0 | .9 (.4–2.2) | … |
| ȃUnknown | 2 (0.1) | 0 | 0.0 | … | … |
| Injury while cutting | |||||
| ȃNo | 1603 (47.1) | 13 | 0.8 | 1 | .15 |
| ȃYes | 1727 (50.8) | 23 | 1.3 | 1.7 (.8–3.3) | … |
| ȃUnknown | 70 (2.1) | 0 | 0.0 | … | … |
| Cutting NHP meat | |||||
| ȃNo | 1062 (31.2) | 12 | 1.1 | 1 | .72 |
| ȃYes | 2316 (68.1) | 23 | 1.0 | .9 (.4–1.8) | … |
| ȃUnknown | 22 (0.6) | 1 | 4.5 | … | … |
| Consumption of NHP meat | |||||
| ȃNo | 255 (7.5) | 2 | 0.8 | 1 | .65 |
| ȃYes | 3138 (92.3) | 34 | 1.1 | 1.4 (.3–5.8) | … |
| ȃUnknown | 7 (0.2) | 0 | 0.0 | … | … |
| Keeping an NHP as pets | |||||
| ȃNo | 3301 (97.1) | 32 | 1.0 | 1 | .002** |
| ȃYes | 95 (2.8) | 4 | 4.2 | 4.5 (1.6–13.0) | … |
| ȃUnknown | 4 (0.1) | 0 | 0.0 | … | … |
| Bitten by an NHP | |||||
| ȃNo | 3300 (97.1) | 29 | 0.9 | 1 | <.001*** |
| ȃYes | 59 (1.7) | 4 | 6.8 | 8.2 (2.8–24.2) | … |
| ȃUnknown | 41 (1.2) | 3 | 7.3 | … | … |
| NHP bite category | |||||
| ȃNo bite | 3300 (97.1) | 33 | 0.9 | 1 | <.001*** |
| ȃMonkey bite | 41 (1.2) | 1 | 2.4 | 2.8 (.4–21.2) | … |
| ȃGorilla bite | 16 (0.5) | 3 | 18.8 | 26 (7–96) | … |
| ȃChimp bite | 2 (0.06) | 0 | 0 | … | … |
| ȃUnknown | 41 (1.2) | 3 | 7.3 | … | … |
| Scratched by an NHP | |||||
| ȃNo | 3347 (98.5) | 33 | 1.0 | 1 | NS |
| ȃYes | 11 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | … | … |
| ȃUnknown | 41 (1.2) | 3 | 7.3 | … | … |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HTLV-1, human T-cell leukemia virus; nHTLV-1, number of infected individuals; NS, not significant; OR, odds ratio.
Nonhuman primate including apes and monkeys. *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.