Table 2.
An overview of the human intervention trials identified through the systematic search
| Study | Participants | Study duration | Daily Aronia treatment | Study type | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kardum et al. 2015 [56] | 23 individuals with mild hypertension | 4 weeks | 100 ml Aronia juice corresponding to around 600 mg phenolics per day for 4 weeks | Uncontrolled, quasidesign | ↔FBG, ↔TG, ↓TC, ↔LDL, ↔HDL, ↓DBP, ↓SBP |
| Kardum et al. 2014 [68] | 20 women with central obesity | 4 weeks | 100 ml Aronia juice corresponding to around 600 mg phenolics per day for 4 weeks | Uncontrolled, quasidesign | ↔BW, ↔FBG, ↔TG, ↔TC, ↔LDL, ↓HDL, ↔PUFA, ↑3-n PUFA, ↔DBP, ↓SBP |
| loo et al. 2016 [86] | 37 individuals with mild hypertension | 8 weeks | Aronia juice or powder corresponding to around 2000 or 300 mg polyphenols, respectively | RCT (crossover) | ↔BW, ↔FBG ↔TG, ↔TC, ↔HDL, ↔DBP, ↔SBP, ↔CRP, ↔IL-4, , ↔IL- 5, ↔IL-6, ↔IL-7, ↔IL-8, ↓IL-10, ↔IL- 4, ↔TNF-α, |
| Broncel et al. 2010 [87] | 25 individuals with MS | 2 months | 300 mg Aronia extract | Uncontrolled, quasidesign | ↔BW, ↔FBG, ↓TG, ↓TC, ↓LDL, ↔HDL, ↓DBP, ↓SBP, ↔CRP, ↔FGN |
| Sikora et al. 2014 [88] | 25 individuals with MS | 2 months | 300 mg Aronia extract | Uncontrolled, quasidesign | ↔BW, ↓TC, ↓LDL, ↔HDL, ↔DBP, ↓SBP, ↔CRP, ↓ACE |
| Sikora et al. 2012 [89] | 38 individuals with MS | 2 months | 300 mg Aronia extract | Uncontrolled, quasidesign | ↔BW, ↓TC, ↓LDL, ↔HDL |
| Xie et al. 2017 [90] | 25 former smokers | 12 weeks | 500 mg Aronia extract | RCT | ↔BW, ↔TG, ↔TC, ↓LDL, ↔HDL, ↑DBP, ↔SBP, ↔IL-1β, ↔IL-6, ↔TNF-α, ↔MCP-1 |
| Milutinovic et al. 2019 [91] | 35 T2D patients | 3 months | 150 ml Aronia juice containing around 600 mg polyphenols | Uncontrolled, quasidesign | ↓FBG, ↔HbA1c, ↓BW, ↔TG, ↔TC, ↓LDL, ↔HDL, ↔DBP, ↔SBP, ↔CRP |
| Tasic et al. 2021 [92] | 143 subjects | 4 weeks | 400 mg Aronia extract | Uncontrolled, quasidesign | ↓FBG, ↓BW, ↔TG ↓TC, ↓LDL, ↔HDL, ↓DBP, ↓SBP, ↔CRP, |
| Skoczynska et al. 2007 [95] | 58 men with mild hypercholesterolaemia | 6 weeks | 250 ml Aronia juice | Uncontrolled, quasidesign | ↓FBG, ↓TG, ↓TC, ↓LDL, ↔HDL, ↓DBP, ↓SBP, ↔CRP, ↓FGN |
| Duchnowicz et al. 2018 [96] | 77 children or adolescents with MS | 2 months | 300 mg Aronia extract | Uncontrolled, quasidesign | ↓TG, ↓TC, ↓LDL, ↑HDL, |
| Pokimica et al. 2019 [97] | 84 individuals with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 OR SBP/DBP120/80 OR hypercholesterolaemia | 4 weeks | 300 mg Aronia extract | RCT | ↔BW, ↔TG, ↔TC, ↔LDL, ↔HDL, ↑PUFA, ↑3-n PUFA, ↔oxLDL |
| Ryszawa et al. 2006 [98] | 15 individuals with risk of atherosclerosis | Ex vivo | ↓blood coagulation | ||
| Narauszewicz et al. 2007 [99] | 44 patients with coronary artery disease that are treated with statins | 6 weeks | 255 mg Aronia extract | RCT | ↔BW, ↔FBG, ↔TG, ↔TC, ↔LDL, ↔HDL, ↓DBP, ↓SBP, ↓CRP, ↓IL-6, ↓MCP-1, ↓oxLDL |
| Duchnowicz et al. 2012 [100] | 25 individuals with hypercholesterolaemia | 2 months | 300 mg Aronia extract | Uncontrolled, quasidesign | Lipid peroxidation |
| Turnovska et al. 2014 [103] | 10 obese individuals | 2 months | 170-200 ml Aronia juice | Uncontrolled, quasidesign | ↓resistin, ↓leptin, ↑adiponectin |
| Simeonov et al. 2002 [104] | 25 T2D patients | 3 months | 150 ml Aronia juice | RCT | ↓FBG, ↓HbA1c, ↓TC, ↓DBP, ↓SBP |
Abbreviations: FBG: fasting blood glucose, HbA1c: haemoglobin A1c, TG: triglycerides, TC: total cholesterol, LDL: low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, SBP: systolic blood pressure, CRP: C-reactive protein, IL: interleukin, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α, MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, oxLDL: oxidized low density lipoprotein, FGN: fibrinogen, ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme, ↔ : no change, ↑ increase, ↓ decrease