Table 4.
Immediate and long-term impact of COVID-19 on the clinical characteristics of ARI patients in Western China
| Symptom | Trend | RR | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fever | Trend before COVID-19 (January 2018 to December 2019) | 1.005 | 0.999 to 1.010 | 0.112 |
| Level change after COVID-19 (within January 2020) | 0.958 | 0.812 to 1.129 | 0.607 | |
| Trend change after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.993 | 0.971 to 1.016 | 0.548 | |
| Trend after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.998 | 0.975 to 1.020 | 0.830 | |
| Cough | Trend before COVID-19 (January 2018 to December 2019) | 1.004 | 0.998 to 1.010 | 0.189 |
| Level change after COVID-19 (within January 2020) | 0.822 | 0.686 to 0.985 | 0.034 | |
| Trend change after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 1.004 | 0.980 to 1.029 | 0.739 | |
| Trend after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 1.008 | 0.984 to 1.034 | 0.512 | |
| Runny nose | Trend before COVID-19 (January 2018 to December 2019) | 1.013 | 1.001 to 1.024 | 0.029 |
| Level change after COVID-19 (within January 2020) | 0.880 | 0.620 to 1.250 | 0.477 | |
| Trend change after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.872 | 0.820 to 0.928 | <0.001 | |
| Trend after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.883 | 0.831 to 0.939 | <0.001 | |
| Expectoration | Trend before COVID-19 (January 2018 to December 2019) | 1.012 | 1.004 to 1.021 | 0.003 |
| Level change after COVID-19 (within January 2020) | 0.924 | 0.731 to 1.169 | 0.511 | |
| Trend change after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.922 | 0.889 to 0.957 | <0.001 | |
| Trend after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.934 | 0.900 to 0.968 | <0.001 | |
| Chest pain | Trend before COVID-19 (January 2018 to December 2019) | 0.984 | 0.965 to 1.004 | 0.115 |
| Level change after COVID-19 (within January 2020) | 0.436 | 0.211 to 0.904 | 0.026 | |
| Trend change after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 1.164 | 1.068 to 1.268 | 0.001 | |
| Trend after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 1.146 | 1.052 to 1.248 | 0.002 | |
| Dyspnea | Trend before COVID-19 (January 2018 to December 2019) | 0.987 | 0.969 to 1.006 | 0.178 |
| Level change after COVID-19 (within January 2020) | 1.871 | 1.172 to 2.987 | 0.009 | |
| Trend change after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.917 | 0.849 to 0.991 | 0.028 | |
| Trend after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.905 | 0.840 to 0.976 | 0.009 | |
| Headache | Trend before COVID-19 (January 2018 to December 2019) | 0.998 | 0.984 to 1.011 | 0.743 |
| Level change after COVID-19 (within January 2020) | 1.120 | 0.733 to 1.710 | 0.601 | |
| Trend change after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.924 | 0.866 to 0.987 | 0.018 | |
| Trend after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.922 | 0.864 to 0.984 | 0.015 | |
| Fatigue | Trend before COVID-19 (January 2018 to December 2019) | 0.996 | 0.985 to 1.008 | 0.540 |
| Level change after COVID-19 (within January 2020) | 1.110 | 0.779 to 1.581 | 0.565 | |
| Trend change after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.901 | 0.846 to 0.959 | 0.001 | |
| Trend after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.897 | 0.843 to 0.955 | 0.001 | |
| Pulmonary rales | Trend before COVID-19 (January 2018 to December 2019) | 0.983 | 0.972 to 0.993 | 0.001 |
| Level change after COVID-19 (within January 2020) | 0.608 | 0.415 to 0.890 | 0.011 | |
| Trend change after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.990 | 0.931 to 1.053 | 0.750 | |
| Trend after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.973 | 0.915 to 1.034 | 0.378 | |
| Pleural effusion | Trend before COVID-19 (January 2018 to December 2019) | 1.021 | 0.997 to 1.045 | 0.091 |
| Level change after COVID-19 (within January 2020) | 1.556 | 0.871 to 2.782 | 0.136 | |
| Trend change after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.891 | 0.814 to 0.976 | 0.013 | |
| Trend after COVID-19 (January 2020 to December 2020) | 0.910 | 0.831 to 0.996 | 0.040 |
RR, rate ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval