Table 3.
Relevant outcome data extracted.
| Included Study | Outcome measured | Outcome | Adverse drug event |
|---|---|---|---|
| Groechenig 1994 [21] | Patients requiring amputation | 0/5 (0%) | - |
| Hödl 2005 [38] | Affected digits requiring amputation | 5/20 (25%) | None |
| Roche-Nagle et al. 2008 [39] | Affected limbs requiring amputation | 2/2 (100%) | - |
| Imray et al. 2009 [40] | Affected digits appearance and function | Full function regained | - |
| Cauchy et al. 2011 [41] | Risk of patient requiring amputation based on bone scan at day 8 | 0/16 (0%) iloprost3/16 (19%) iloprost + alteplase | Hot flashes (55%), nausea (25%), palpitation (15%), vomiting (5%) |
| Affected digits requiring amputation according to treatment | 0/142 (0%) iloprost5/159 (3%) iloprost + alteplase | ||
| Affected digits requiring amputation according to severity of frostbite | Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 40/64 (0%) 0/74 (0%) 0/3 (0%) iloprost2/60 (3%) 0/74 (0%) 3/25 (12%) iloprost + alteplase | ||
| Affected digits requiring amputation according to time to treatment | <12 hours >12 hours0/79 (0%) 0/63 (0%) iloprost2/144 (1%) 3/15 (20%) iloprost + alteplase | ||
| Gorjanc et al. 2012 [42] | Patients requiring amputation | 4/7 (57%) | Dizziness and hypotension requiring discontinuation of iloprost (29%) |
| Haik J et al. 2016 [43] | Patients requiring amputation | 2/4 (50%) | - |
| Cauchy et al. 2016 [44] | Patients requiring amputation according to severity of frostbite | Grade 3 Grade 42/41 (5%) 4/6 (67%) iloprost3/11 (27%) 4/9 (44%) iloprost + alteplase | - |
| Poole & Gauthier 2016 [45] | Affected digits requiring amputation | 0/10 (0%) | None |
| Lindford et al. 2017 [46] | Overall digital salvage rate* | 78% | None |
| Pandey et al. 2018 [47] | Affected digits requiring amputation | 13/34 (38%) | Headache (40%), nausea (40%), hypotension requiring dose reduction (20%) |
| Gorjanc et al. 2018 [48] | n/a | n/a | - |
| Irarrazaval et al. 2018 [49] | Affected digits requiring amputation | 5/5 (100%), partially | - |
| Jud et al. 2019 [50] | Patient requiring amputation | 0/1 (0%) | - |
| Lorenzo-Villalba et al. 2021 [51] | Affected limbs requiring amputation | 4/4 (100%) | Hypotension and headache limiting dose increase (100%) |
| Poole et al. 2021 [52] | Patients requiring amputation | 4/22 (18%) | Headache (50%), flushing (36%), tachycardia (36%), nausea (27%), vomiting (9%), dizziness (9%), hypotension (4%), bleeding (4%) |
| Affected digits requiring amputation according to severity | Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 40/59 (0%) 0/25 (0%) 29/58 (50%) | ||
| MacLennan et al. 2021 [53] | Visual microvascular assessment and treatment response | Flow defect visible and improved 6 hours after iloprost infusion | None |
| Magnan et al. 2021 [54] | Preserved segments** per patient (mean) compared to historical group | 13 iloprost + HBOT 6 iloprost alone |
- |
| Amputated rays*** compared to historical group | 0 iloprost + HBOT 2 iloprost alone |
||
| Magnan et al. 2022 [55] | Affected digits requiring amputation | 0/10 (0%) | - |
| Crooks et al. 2022 [56] | Affected digits requiring amputation according to frostbite severity compared to standard care | Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 40/44 (0%) 18/102 (18%) 44/96 (46%) | Tachycardia requiring dose reduction (12%), headache (8%), headache requiring iloprost discontinuation (4%) |
“-” = information not available
* Calculated using the total number of digits at risk minus number of digits amputated divided by total number of digits at risk multiplied by 100
** Each phalanx and each metacarpal or metatarsal is defined as a segment. Preserved segments was defined as the difference between the number of segments with frostbite and lost segments
*** 4 segments comprise a ray (3 segments for the thumb or the hallux)