Table 3.
Associations between demographic variables and agreement (agree/strongly agree) to statements about dog confinement as well as composite measure “supportive attitudes towards dog confinement” among dog owners (n = 1529).
| Individual Statements a | Composite Measure b | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confined Inside the House at Night |
Confined Inside the House Whenever Unsupervised |
Confined to an Outdoor Dog Run Whenever Unsupervised |
Confined to Owner’s Property Whenever Unsupervised |
Supportive Attitudes Towards Dog Confinement |
||||||
| n (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | n (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | n (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | n (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Mean (SD) | Adjusted b (95% CI) | |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Female (ref) | 673 (55%) | 1 | 222 (18%) | 1 | 324 (27%) | 1 | 1199 (99%) | 1 | 0.49 (0.22) | 0 |
| Male | 55 (40%) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.7) | 18 (13%) | 0.65 (0.4, 1.1) | 46 (34%) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) | 135 (99%) | 1.5 (0.18, 13.2) | 0.47 (0.23) | −0.03 (−0.08, 0.01) |
| Age | ||||||||||
| 29 years and below (ref) | 173 (50%) | 1 | 42 (12%) | 1 | 79 (23%) | 1 | 341 (99%) | 1 | 0.45 (0.21) | 0 |
| 30–49 years | 315 (52%) | 1.0 (0.8, 1,4) | 95 (16%) | 1.3 (0.9, 2) | 140 (23%) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 607 (100%) | 4.3 (0.8, 22.9) | 0.46 (0.22) | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.04) |
| 50 years and above | 240 (61%) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) | 103 (26%) | 2.6 (1.7, 3.9) | 151 (39%) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.6) | 386 (99%) | 1.2 (0.3, 4.4) | 0.54 (0.23) | 0.08 (0.05, 0.11) |
| Property type | ||||||||||
| Residence with garden/ backyard (ref) | 523 (53%) | 1 | 156 (16%) | 1 | 207 (21%) | 1 | 981 (99%) | 1 | 0.47 (0.22) | 0 |
| Residence without garden/backyard | 22 (65%) | 1.9 (0.9, 3.9) | 9 (27%) | 2.3 (1.1, 5.2) | 7 (21%) | .9 (.4,2.2) | 34 (100%) | - | 0.54 (0.20) | 0.08 (0.01, 0.15) |
| Acreage, farm, semi-industrial/rural | 154 (57%) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 63 (23%) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.1) | 129 (48%) | 3.2 (2.3, 4.3) | 263 (97%) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.9) | 0.55 (0.23) | 0.06 (0.03, 0.09) |
| Pet ownership | ||||||||||
| Only dog (ref) | 317 (53%) | 1 | 99 (17%) | 1 | 151 (25%) | 1 | 593 (99%) | 1 | 0.47 (0.22) | 0 |
| Both dog and cat | 382 (55%) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.3) | 129 (19%) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 192 (28%) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 686 (99%) | 1.7 (0.5, 5.8) | 0.49 (0.22) | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.04) |
| How many dog[s] owned | ||||||||||
| 1 (ref) | 320 (53%) | 1 | 96 (16%) | 1 | 165 (28%) | 1 | 592 (99%) | 1 | 0.48 (0.21) | 0 |
| 2 | 261 (52%) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 86 (17%) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | 111 (22%) | 0.6 (0.4, 1.1) | 495 (99%) | 2.6 (0.6, 10.4) | 0.47 (0.22) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01) |
| 3+ | 118 (61%) | 1.3 (9, 1.8) | 46 (24%) | 1.3 (0.9, 2.1) | 67 (35%) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) | 192 (99%) | 3.9 (0.4, 33.2) | 0.54 (0.23) | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.1) |
| Unowned/feral dog in neighborhood | ||||||||||
| No (ref) | 638 (54%) | 1 | 211 (18%) | 1 | 170 (24%) | 1 | 700 (99%) | 1 | 0.48 (0.22) | 0 |
| Yes | 89 (55.3%) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | 29 (18%) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | 196 (31%) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.6) | 618 (98%) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.8) | 0.54 (0.22) | 0.04 (0.0, 0.1) |
a To predict agreement to each statement (disagree = 0; agree = 1), a series of multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in parentheses reported; b for the composite measure (range 0–1), a multivariable regression analysis was performed and unstandardized estimates; (b) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in parentheses reported; variables in each model were controlled for each other; odds ratios in bold are statistically significant.