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. 2023 Mar 15;13(6):1067. doi: 10.3390/ani13061067

Table A1.

Associations of pet ownership status and agreement (agree and strongly agree) to statements about confinement of pet dogs and pet cats.

Attitudes Towards Confinement of Dogs
Ownership Status Dogs Should Be Confined
inside the House at Night
Dogs Should Be Confined inside the House Whenever Unsupervised Dogs Should Be Confined to an Outdoor Dog Run When Unsupervised Dogs Should Be Confined to Their Owner’s Property Whenever Unsupervised
n (%) Crude OR
(95% CI) 1
Adjusted OR
(95% CI) 2
n (%) Crude OR
(95% CI) 1
Adjusted OR
(95% CI) 2
n (%) Crude OR
(95% CI) 1
Adjusted OR
(95% CI) 2
n (%) Crude OR
(95% CI) 1
Adjusted OR
(95% CI) 2
Dog-only owners
(reference group; n = 600)
317 (52.8%) 1 1 99 (16.5%) 1 1 151 (25.2%) 1 1 593 (98.8%) 1 1
Owners of cats and dogs
(n = 691)
382 (55.3%) 1.1
(0.8,1.3)
1.0
(0.8,1.2)
129 (18.7%) 1.1
(0.8, 1.5)
1.0
(0.7, 1.4)
192 (27.8%) 1.1
(0.8, 1.4)
1.1
(0.8, 1.4)
686 (99.3%) 0.4
(0.1–1.1)
0.4
(0.1, 1.1)
Non-dog owners
(n = 477)
280 (58.7%) 1.2
(0.9,1.6)
1.2
(0.9,1.6)
104 (21.8%) 1.4
(1.0, 1.9)
1.4
(1.0, 2.0)
207 (43.4%) 2.2
(1.7, 2.9)
2.3
(1.9, 3.4)
465 (97.5%) 1.6
(0.5–5.1)
1.5
(0.5, 5.0)
Attitudes towards Confinement of Cats
Ownership Status Cats should be confined inside the house at night Cats should be confined inside the house whenever unsupervised Cats should be confined to an outdoor cat run when unsupervised Cats should be confined to their owner’s property whenever unsupervised
n (%) Crude OR
(95% CI) 1
Adjusted OR
(95% CI) 3
n (%) Crude OR
(95% CI) 1
Adjusted OR
(95% CI) 3
n (%) Crude OR
(95% CI) 1
Adjusted OR
(95% CI) 3
n (%) Crude OR
(95% CI) 1
Adjusted OR
(95% CI) 3
Cat -only owners
(reference group; n = 467)
416 (89.1%) 1 1 243 (52.0%) 1 1 250 (53.5%) 1 1 327 (70.0%) 1 1
Owners of cats and dogs
(n = 679)
607 (89.4%) 1.03
(0.7, 1.5)
0.8
(0.5, 1.3)
373 (54.9%) 1.1
(0.8,1.4)
0.9
(0.7, 1.3)
382 (56.3%) 1.1
(0.8, 1.4)
0.9
(0.7, 1.2)
489 (72.0%) 1.1
(0.8–1.4)
.9
(0.7, 1.3)
Non-cat owners
(n = 576)
547 (94.9%) 2.3
(1.4, 3.7)
1.4
(0.8,2.3)
443 (75.2%) 2.7
(2.1, 3.6)
2.3
(1.7, 3.2)
463 (80.4%) 3.5
(2.7, 4.6)
3.0
(2.1, 4.1)
514 (89.2%) 3.5
(2.5–4.9)
2.9
(2.0, 1.2)

1 Crude/Unadjusted ORs; 2 Adjusted ORs for Concerns about impact of confinement on dogs’ QoL, Concerns about wildlife predation by dogs. 3 Adjusted ORs for Concerns about impact of confinement on cats’ QoL, Concerns about wildlife predation by cats. Estimates (OR (95% CI)) in bold are statistically different from the reference group. Abbreviations: OR: Odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; QoL: Quality of Life.