Table 2.

Descriptive Results of Demographic and Study Variables

		Grandmother-child relations (n = 229)		Grandfather-Child Relations (n = 175)
Variables	Range	n (%)	M (SD)	n (%)	M (SD)
Age in 2000	18 – 29		22.67 (3.10)		22.44 (2.99)
Gender in 2000
Male		102 (44.5)		78 (44.6)
Female		127 (55.5)		97 (55.4)
Race in 2000
White		224 (97.8)		173 (98.9)
Other racial groups		5 (2.2)		2 (1.1)
Education in 2016	1 – 8		5.70 (1.30)		5.67 (1.32)
Annual income in 2016	1 – 21		11.13 (5.67)		10.98 (5.58)
Marital status in 2016
Married/Cohabitate		188 (82.1)		143 (81.7)
Others		41 (17.9)		32 (18.3)
Affectual solidarity with mothers in 2000	1 – 6		4.54 (1.30)		4.56 (1.31)
Affectual solidarity with fathers in 2000	1 – 6		3.93 (1.46)		3.86 (1.43)
Parents’ health status in 2016
Healthy mothers		155 (67.7)		116 (66.3)
Unhealthy mothers		74 (32.3)		59 (33.7)
Healthy fathers		142 (62.0)		105 (60.0)
Unhealthy fathers		87 (38.0)		70 (40.0)
Intergenerational solidarity with grandmothers/grandfathers in 2000
Low affectual solidarity		74 (32.3)		48 (27.4)
High affectual solidarity		102 (44.5)		74 (42.3)
Low conflict		203 (88.6)		152 (86.9)
High conflict		6 (2.6)		5 (2.9)
Low consensual solidarity		155 (67.7)		116 (66.3)
High consensual solidarity		63 (27.5)		50 (28.6)
Low structural solidarity		127 (55.5)		100 (57.1)
High structural solidarity		101 (44.1)		71 (40.6)
Low in-person contact		176 (76.9)		134 (76.6)
High in-person contact		52 (22.7)		39 (22.3)
Low phone contact		150 (65.5)		120 (68.6)
High phone contact		72 (31.4)		50 (28.6)
Low receiving support		140 (61.1)		118 (67.4)
High receiving support		89 (38.9)		57 (32.6)
Low providing support		157 (68.6)		134 (76.6)
High providing support		72 (31.4)		41 (23.4)
Providing support to parents in 2016
Instrumental support to mothers	1 – 8		1.89 (.98)		1.89 (.99)
Emotional support to mothers	1 – 8		3.70 (1.60)		3.72 (1.58)
Instrumental support to fathers	1 – 8		1.54 (.83)		1.54 (.88)
Emotional support to fathers	1 – 8		2.79 (1.45)		2.78 (1.44)