. 2023 Feb 22;12(3):433. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12030433

Table 3.

Effects of C. butyricum on serum biochemical indices of broilers ¹.

Item	Treatment ²					SEM ³	p Value	Response to CB
Item	CON	AM	CBL	CBM	CBH	SEM ³	p Value	Linear	Quadratic
21 days
GLU (mmol/L)	10.67	10.98	10.50	10.50	9.45	0.175	0.055	0.041	0.255
TC (mmol/L)	3.34	4.12	3.53	3.24	3.63	0.120	0.156	0.658	0.725
TG (mmol/L)	0.32 ^ab	0.39 ^a	0.30 ^b	0.35 ^ab	0.35 ^ab	0.010	0.048	0.174	0.737
TP (g/L)	26.50	23.12	24.80	26.08	24.63	0.565	0.361	0.470	0.925
ALB (g/L)	12.00	10.65	12.28	12.15	11.33	0.257	0.229	0.418	0.351
UREA (mmol/L)	0.53 ^ab	0.59 ^a	0.41 ^b	0.49 ^ab	0.43 ^b	0.020	0.011	0.303	0.440
CREA (μmol/L)	9.05 ^b	11.92 ^a	11.15 ^ab	11.03 ^ab	10.45 ^ab	0.297	0.022	0.142	0.036
39 days
GLU (mmol/L)	10.50	11.09	10.83	10.86	9.59	0.182	0.066	0.107	0.036
TC (mmol/L)	3.57 ^ab	2.95 ^b	3.32 ^ab	4.24 ^a	3.43 ^ab	0.122	0.008	0.607	0.223
TG (mmol/L)	0.37	0.45	0.42	0.38	0.39	0.014	0.401	0.814	0.471
TP (g/L)	31.85	27.15	35.73	32.05	32.87	0.966	0.071	0.948	0.486
ALB (g/L)	11.38 ^a	9.48 ^b	12.38 ^a	11.73 ^a	11.83 ^a	0.252	0.001	0.721	0.311
UREA (mmol/L)	0.44	0.59	0.55	0.42	0.47	0.022	0.069	0.798	0.523
CREA (μmol/L)	9.75	11.43	12.17	10.57	10.35	0.288	0.055	0.935	0.025

^a,b Means within a row with different letters differ (p < 0.05). Results are given as means, n = 6. ¹ GLU, glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triacylglycerol; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; UREA, urea; CREA, creatinine. ² The broilers were fed with CON, the basal diet; AM, the basal diet with 150 mg/kg of aureomycin; CBL, the basal diet with C. butyricum at 2 × 10⁸ CFU/kg; CBM, the basal diet with C. butyricum at 4 × 10⁸ CFU/kg; and CBH, the basal diet with C. butyricum at 8 × 10⁸ CFU/kg. ³ SEM, standard error of the mean.