Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the SUN Participants according to baseline total coffee consumption.
| Coffee Consumption | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 Cup/Month | ≥1 Cup/Month–<1 Cups/Day | ≥1 Cup/Day–<4 Cups/Day | ≥4 Cups/Day | |
| Age (y) | 33 (10) | 34 (11) | 37 (10) | 39 (10) |
| Sex (% women) | 65.9 | 65.5 | 68.5 | 65.2 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 2333 (605) | 2344 (603) | 2404 (571) | 2469 (648) |
| Adherence to MedDiet (0–8 score) | 3.8 (1.8) | 3.8 (1.7) | 4.0 (1.7) | 4.0 (1.6) |
| Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 22.3 (2.6) | 22.6 (2.7) | 22.7 (2.7) | 23.2 (2.9) |
| Physical activity (METs–h/wk) | 24.4 (27.7) | 23.5 (24.2) | 20.5 (20.7) | 22.5 (25.2) |
| Smoking (%) | ||||
| Current smokers | 14.8 | 18.7 | 24.7 | 39.3 |
| Former smokers | 17.4 | 21.2 | 28.9 | 28.2 |
| Pack-years of smoking | 2.6 (5.9) | 3.2 (6.6) | 5.3 (7.9) | 9.1 (10.7) |
| Prevalent depression (%) | 8.8 | 9.6 | 10.2 | 11.3 |
| Years at university (yrs) | 4.9 (1.5) | 4.9 (1.4) | 5.1 (1.5) | 5.1 (1.6) |
| TV watching (h/day) | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.2) |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 4.2 (7.2) | 5.0 (6.8) | 6.5 (8.9) | 6.6 (10.2) |
| Siesta (%) | ||||
| ≤half an hour | 31.6 | 32.0 | 36.4 | 34.3 |
| >half an hour | 35.3 | 38.4 | 30.3 | 34.5 |
| Adding sugar to beverages (%) | 19.2 | 28.0 | 29.7 | 30.5 |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 10.7 | 12.7 | 14.6 | 17.4 |
Numbers in the table show the mean (SD), unless otherwise stated. Yrs, years; d, day; MET, metabolic equivalent tasks.