. 2023 Mar 27;22:31. doi: 10.1186/s12938-023-01094-y

Table 2.

NRMSE between the IK and FD strains within the ACL, PCL, MCL, DMCL, LCL, and POPL ligaments during passive knee flexion from 0 to 100° with 5Nm IR (internal rotation) torque

Knee state	NRMSE ligament strain (%)
Knee state	ACL	PCL	MCL	DMCL	LCL	POPL
Intact	63.8	34.6	20.1^a	13.9^a	33.6	22.1^a
ACL-sectioned	–	32.4	30.1	21.4^a	33.1	20.7^a
ACL-reconstructed alone (ACLR)	63.1	32	29.9^a	19.8^a	35	24.7^a
ACLR combined with anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ACLR + ALLR)	55.6	18.4^a	23.8^a	14.1^a	35.1	23.2^a
ACLR combined with MacIntosh reconstruction (ACLR + Mac)	66.5	24.1^a	24.6^a	16.4^a	42.4	25.3^a
ACLR combined with Ellison reconstruction (ACLR + Ell)	43.6	21.9^a	27.5^a	18.6^a	39.8	27.2^a
ACLR combined with deep-Lemaire reconstruction (ACLR + DL)	47.8	20.1^a	24.6^a	15.9^a	42.1	26.1^a

^aIndicates an acceptable result compared to the cadaveric data (NRMSE < 30%)