Table 2.

Summary of evidence from studies performed in human subjects regarding the Perilla frutescens anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects.

Disease	Number of Patients	Compound	Dose	Time-Frame	Results	Reference
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR)	128 children (Lertal Group-LG: 64 patients; Observation Group-OG: 64 patients)	Lertal: Quercetin 150 mg, Perilla frutescens 80 mg (as dry extract of the seeds containing rosmarinic acid, luteolin, apigenin and chrysoeriol), and Vitamin D3 5 mcg (200 IU).	1 tab/day	4–12 weeks	-Reduced the risk of AR exacerbation (LG) -Reduced number of days with the use at least one rescue medication (LG) -Higher cumulative days treated with rescue medication (OG)	[69]
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR)	146 children (LG+ standard treatment: 73 patients; OG+ standard treatment: 73 patients)	Lertal	1 tab q.d.	Baseline, after 2 and 4 weeks	-reduced TSS after 4 weeks (LG + OG) -24 patients had symptom worsening between W2 and W4: 8 (LG)/16 (OG)	[67]
Seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR)	23 adults (16 women, and 7 men), without control group	Lertal	1 tab b.i.d.	Baseline and after 1 month	-reduction of the overall symptoms -reduction in use of anti-allergic drugs	[70]
Seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR)	Rosmarinic acid 50 mg (9 patients) Rosmarinic acid 200 mg (10 patients) Placebo (n10 patients)	Rosmarinic acid	50 or 100 mg q.d.	21 days	-Reduction of the specific and total symptoms. -Reduction of the numbers of inflammatory cells in nasal lavage fluid.	[24]
Atopic dermatitis (AD)	21 patients (14 women and 7 men)	Rosmarinic acid cream	0.3%, topical application b.i.d	8 weeks	-reduction of erythema on antecubital fossa (4 and 8 weeks) -reduction in the transepidermal water loss of the antecubital fossa (8 weeks). -Improvement of the specific and total AD symptoms.	[71]